Schizophrenia
Nursing Management of Patient with Type 1 DM
A.R., a 61-year-old female from Project 4 Quezon City with a medical history chronic renal failure, The patient was scheduled to have her wound stitches removed. When suddenly she felt dizziness with cold clammy skin and uncontrolled urination. Usually patient with diabetes mellitus complains of dizziness and body weakness.
Pathophysiology
The symptoms of Type 1 diabetes mellitus are vague and the causes may be related to several factors. Type 1 diabetes affects approximately 5% to 10% of people with the disease; it is characterized by an acute onset, usually before 30 years of age (CDC, 2008). Type 1 diabetes is characterized by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Combined genetic, immunologic, and possibly environmental (eg. Viral) factors are thought to contribute to beta cell destruction. Although the events that lead to beta-cell destruction are not fully understood, it is generally accepted that a genetic susceptibility is a common underlying factor in the development of type 1 diabetes. People do not inherit type 1 diabetes itself but rather a genetic predisposition, or tendency has been found in people with certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types. There is also evidence of an autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes. This is an abnormal response in which antibodies are detected against normal tissues of the body, responding to these tissues as if they were foreign. Autoantibodies against islet cells and against endogenous (internal) insulin have been detected in people at the time of diagnosis and even several years before the development of clinical signs of type 1 diabetes. In addition to genetic and immunologic components, environmental factors, such as viruses or toxins that may initiate destruction of the beta cell are being investigated. Regardless of the specific cause, the destruction of the beta cells results in decreased insulin production by the liver, and
A.R., a 61-year-old female from Project 4 Quezon City with a medical history chronic renal failure, The patient was scheduled to have her wound stitches removed. When suddenly she felt dizziness with cold clammy skin and uncontrolled urination. Usually patient with diabetes mellitus complains of dizziness and body weakness.
Pathophysiology
The symptoms of Type 1 diabetes mellitus are vague and the causes may be related to several factors. Type 1 diabetes affects approximately 5% to 10% of people with the disease; it is characterized by an acute onset, usually before 30 years of age (CDC, 2008). Type 1 diabetes is characterized by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Combined genetic, immunologic, and possibly environmental (eg. Viral) factors are thought to contribute to beta cell destruction. Although the events that lead to beta-cell destruction are not fully understood, it is generally accepted that a genetic susceptibility is a common underlying factor in the development of type 1 diabetes. People do not inherit type 1 diabetes itself but rather a genetic predisposition, or tendency has been found in people with certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types. There is also evidence of an autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes. This is an abnormal response in which antibodies are detected against normal tissues of the body, responding to these tissues as if they were foreign. Autoantibodies against islet cells and against endogenous (internal) insulin have been detected in people at the time of diagnosis and even several years before the development of clinical signs of type 1 diabetes. In addition to genetic and immunologic components, environmental factors, such as viruses or toxins that may initiate destruction of the beta cell are being investigated. Regardless of the specific cause, the destruction of the beta cells results in decreased insulin production by the liver, and
References: Brunner and Suddharts MS BOOK http://www.medicinenet.com/dizziness_dizzy/page3.htm# http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=83068 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_1 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabetestype1.html Recommendation The patient should follow up with her physician regarding her complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus treatment as scheduled. The patient should also follow up with a nutritionist regarding her diet. Physicians may provide patients with the following recommendations to help them tightly control their medical illness; a few of the recommendations may not be appropriate for patients with type 2 diabetes, even those who use insulin. Includes tips for controlling blood glucose levels and minimizing complications. These tips are consistent with consensus guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and others (these tips are informed by my experience practicing tight control of type 1 diabetes for 50 years −S.H.). Medications especially maintenance dose should be taken religiously. D. Hatzichristou (2008) Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common comorbidity in men with diabetes mellitus. Tadalafil 10 or 20 mg taken on demand is efficacious and safe for men with diabetes and ED. Recently, continuous treatment with tadalafil has been proposed, addressing ED management as any other chronic condition. This study examined whether once-daily tadalafil 2.5 and 5 mg is efficacious for men with diabetes and ED.