Purpose: to provide a more comprehensive synopsis of the origins of psychology, the early history of psychology as a discipline, and the major themes in twentieth-century psychology…
The purpose of this course is to familiarize the student with the various methods of inquiry, terminologies, and theoretical systems that comprise the history of psychology. A broader view is used to introduce the modern era of psychology and its use. These include: structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and phenomenological/existential approaches.…
-Edward Titchener: introduced Structuralism (the school of psychology that attempts to understand the structure of the mind by breaking it down into its component parts.)…
Historically, some of the greatest insights of psychological analysis stemmed from the minds of ordinary men and women. In many respects, most psychodynamic theories come from psychoanalysis studies that have been conducted over the generations. Science has worked meticulously to establish quality and validation to structuralist perspectives; however it was functionalism movement that were more qualitative in nature. Although not directly associated with the movement, psychologists such as Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and William James made is possible to explain the purpose of the human consciousness. They all wanted to discover a way to improve the quality of the lives of individuals rather than focus on laboratory research; a more direct approach to mapping the mind. Their variations in theory were designed to focus on the foundation of human behaviors and the best way to provide accurate analysis and treatment to those behavior motivators.…
Psychology saw its first use of experimental methods when Wilhelm Wundt devised a machine that measured human reaction times (1879). Wundt believed that with his machine he was indirectly measuring the components of the mind. Wundt's student Edward Titchener pioneered Structuralism, a school of thought in psychology aimed at discovering the underlying structure of the mind. Titchener was famous for utilizing the introspective method to uncover certain psychological phenomena. Introspection called on people to examine their interior lives in order to describe how a certain stimulus made them act or feel.…
8. Edward Titchener – brought the ‘new” experimental psychology to the United States. Studied introspection and structuralism.…
4. Structuralism- an approach to psychology based on the idea that conscious experience can be broken down into basic underlying components or elements.…
. Behaviorism: Johan Watson (1878 -1959) believed that the behaviorist view is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science with a goal to predict and control behavior REFERENCE. According to him, our responses to a given stiumulus is changed according to whether the previous experience's result.…
Psychology’s most famous figure is also one of the most influential and controversial thinkers of the twentieth century.…
Edward Titchener, like Wundt, researched the “analytical study of the human experience” (Edward Bradford Titchener, 2006). Titchener emphasized psychology as a science (Edward Bradford Titchener, 2006). Titchener is partially credited with bringing a new experimental psychology to America, which caused the transition from mental philosophy to psychology (Edward Bradford Titchener, 2002). Titchener brought great changes to the study of psychology in America. John Locke was a contributor in the early foundations of the western world. He was fascinated in psychology. John Locke wrote An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, it was a “ground breaking work of intellectual might that spanned four books and took on the task of examining the nature of human knowledge” (John Locke Biography, 2013, pg.2). Locke’s main contribution to psychology is the mind does not contain anything innate, except for few innate mental processes (John Locke Biography, 2013). Although these views did provide great contributions, they were later disproved. Edward Titchener and John Locke provided views to build upon that contributed to beginnings of psychology as a formal…
This concept is one of the deepest and most lasting legacies in the history of psychology. It is a crucial concept because it is through studying the history of psychology that one is able to gain perspective and a deeper understanding of modern psychology. By studying the history of this field and understanding the approaches from different philosopher’s, modern psychology can dissect previous mistakes and try to avoid them. Another benefit that comes from studying the history is the formation of new ideas that can be discovered and the natural curiosity that arises from something thought to be important (Hergenhahn, 2009, p. 23).…
The intellectual brilliance of the James family milieu and the remarkable epistolary talents of several…
These two assumptions still have relevance today and early psychologists who studied this perspective’s believed that the study of conscious thoughts would be the key to understanding the mind. In addition, their approaches to the study of the mind were based on systematic and rigorous observation. This created a foundation for modern psychological experimentation. Structuralism was under heavy scrutiny and new approaches to studying the mind were considered. Functionalism was the alternative founded in the 19th century. This was built on structuralisms concern over the function of the mind (Stangor and Walinga,…
Functionalism is an early perspective in psychology which was studied by William James. The focus of the study is how the mind allow people to adapt, live, work and play. William James theory of functionalism was heavenly influenced by Charles Darwin ideas of natural selection in which physical traits that helped an animal adapt to its environment and survive were passed to its offspring, thus…
In the early 1900’s John B. Watson introduced the behavioral approach into the world of psychology. He is now known as the founder of behaviorism. Watson was influenced by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov believed that, behavior results from within one’s environment. Well known behaviorist B.F. Skinner believed that we should use the behavioral approach to shape human behavior. Those who believed in the behavioral approach, viewed people and animals behavior and mental processes as being a direct impact or affect of their environment. They specifically believed, that we are a result of what we have learned from our environment.…