Science: Atom & Molecules
|Atoms and Molecules |
|Everyday Science |
| An atom is the smallest "piece" of an element that still has the properties of that element. A molecule is a combination of two or more |
|atoms bonded together. |
Table of Content
Constituents of Atoms 3
Isotopes of an Element 4
But the Orbits Are Quantized 6
Atomic Excitation and De-excitation 7
Ionization of Atoms 8
Chemical reactions and molecules 9
Molecular science 10
Molecular size 11
Molecular geometry 11
Molecular spectroscopy 11
Molecular Orbtials........................................................................................................................…...12
The Molecules…………………………………………………………………………………………13
References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..17
Atom and Molecules
Atom:
An atom is the smallest "piece" of an element that still has the properties of that element. For example, an atom of gold is the smallest piece of gold that still acts like gold — divide that atom any further and the particles inside are no longer gold. Atoms are much too small to see or feel with our human senses, but evidence from scientific instruments and studies clearly indicates that they are at the heart of all objects and matter in the universe. When many atoms come together, atoms tend to form molecules.
Molecule:
A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms bonded together. For example, a molecule of water (designated by the symbol H2O) consists of two hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms which are in a "relationship" — held together by an electric attraction.
The basic
|Everyday Science |
| An atom is the smallest "piece" of an element that still has the properties of that element. A molecule is a combination of two or more |
|atoms bonded together. |
Table of Content
Constituents of Atoms 3
Isotopes of an Element 4
But the Orbits Are Quantized 6
Atomic Excitation and De-excitation 7
Ionization of Atoms 8
Chemical reactions and molecules 9
Molecular science 10
Molecular size 11
Molecular geometry 11
Molecular spectroscopy 11
Molecular Orbtials........................................................................................................................…...12
The Molecules…………………………………………………………………………………………13
References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..17
Atom and Molecules
Atom:
An atom is the smallest "piece" of an element that still has the properties of that element. For example, an atom of gold is the smallest piece of gold that still acts like gold — divide that atom any further and the particles inside are no longer gold. Atoms are much too small to see or feel with our human senses, but evidence from scientific instruments and studies clearly indicates that they are at the heart of all objects and matter in the universe. When many atoms come together, atoms tend to form molecules.
Molecule:
A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms bonded together. For example, a molecule of water (designated by the symbol H2O) consists of two hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms which are in a "relationship" — held together by an electric attraction.
The basic
References: • ^ Pauling, Linus (1970). General Chemistry. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.. ISBN 0-486-65622-5. • ^ Ebbin, Darrell, D. (1990). General Chemistry, 3rd Ed.. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.. ISBN 0-395-43302-9. • ^ Brown, T.L. (2003). Chemistry – the Central Science, 9th Ed.. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-066997-0. • ^ Chang, Raymond (1998). Chemistry, 6th Ed.. New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-115221-0. • ^ Zumdahl, Steven S. (1997). Chemistry, 4th ed.. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-669-41794-7. • ^ Roger L. DeKock, Harry B. Gray (1989). Chemical structure and bonding. University Science Books. p. 199. ISBN 093570261X. • ^ Chang RL, Deen WM, Robertson CR, Brenner BM. (1975). "Permselectivity of the glomerular capillary wall: III. Restricted transport of polyanions". Kidney Int. 8 (4): 212–218. doi:10.1038/ki.1975.104. PMID 1202253. • ^ Pratt, Vernon (September 28, 2007). "The Mechanical Philosophy". Reason, nature and the human being in the West. Retrieved 2009-06-28. • ^ Kemerling, Garth (August 8, 2002). "Corpuscularianism". Philosophical Dictionary. Retrieved 2009-06-17. • ^ Lee, Y.K.; Hoon, K. (1995). "Brownian Motion". Imperial College. Retrieved 2007-12-18. • ^ Patterson, G. (2007). "Jean Perrin and the triumph of the atomic doctrine". Endeavour 31 (2): 50–53. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2007.05.003. PMID 17602746. • ^ "Periodic Table of the Elements". The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. November 1, 2007. Retrieved 2010-05-14. • ^ "J.J. Thomson". Nobel Foundation. 1906. Retrieved 2007-12-20. • ^ Rutherford, E. (1911). "The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom". Philosophical Magazine 21: 669–88. ----------------------- May 12, 2011