Science Technology and society
2. Science, technology, and society
Nearly all nations now recognize that science and technology are of vital importance to their development. Yet science and technology (S&T) cannot just be imported as commodities from foreign producers. For a country to enjoy the full benefit of science and technology, they must be deemed critical to the effort to achieve economic well-being and social justice, integrated into the societal decisionmaking structure, and systematically supported by policies that nurture the nation’s capacities and indigenous talent. Such interactions require the following:
• Policy for S&T: A national commitment, by the public and private sectors alike, to promote science and technology;
• S&T for policy: A mechanism for providing S&T inputs into decisionmaking;
• Dissemination of knowledge: Procedures for broad public participation in critical issues, especially regarding their S&T aspects.
2.1 National S&T strategies identify priorities for addressing critical needs
Innovation Program (PPKIP), Chinese
Academy of Sciences
The PPKIP is an ambitious 12-year project
(1998-2010) led by the Chinese Academy of
Sciences (CAS) to reform and revitalize China’s science and technology infrastructure.
By 2005, the Chinese Academy of Science plans to have:
• significantly enhanced scientific output in fundamental research in strategic areas;
• increased the numbers of scientific research personnel in multidisciplinary and frontier areas;
• created new joint laboratories with universities;
• established long-term cooperative relationships with distinguished foreign universities, research institutions, and companies;
• transformed 15-20 academy-affiliated research institutions into for-profit corporate entities; • built high-tech incubators jointly with local governments; • introduced venture-capital mechanisms through creation of CAS-managed venturecapital funds; and
• sold shares of Chinese Academy’s companies in stock
Nearly all nations now recognize that science and technology are of vital importance to their development. Yet science and technology (S&T) cannot just be imported as commodities from foreign producers. For a country to enjoy the full benefit of science and technology, they must be deemed critical to the effort to achieve economic well-being and social justice, integrated into the societal decisionmaking structure, and systematically supported by policies that nurture the nation’s capacities and indigenous talent. Such interactions require the following:
• Policy for S&T: A national commitment, by the public and private sectors alike, to promote science and technology;
• S&T for policy: A mechanism for providing S&T inputs into decisionmaking;
• Dissemination of knowledge: Procedures for broad public participation in critical issues, especially regarding their S&T aspects.
2.1 National S&T strategies identify priorities for addressing critical needs
Innovation Program (PPKIP), Chinese
Academy of Sciences
The PPKIP is an ambitious 12-year project
(1998-2010) led by the Chinese Academy of
Sciences (CAS) to reform and revitalize China’s science and technology infrastructure.
By 2005, the Chinese Academy of Science plans to have:
• significantly enhanced scientific output in fundamental research in strategic areas;
• increased the numbers of scientific research personnel in multidisciplinary and frontier areas;
• created new joint laboratories with universities;
• established long-term cooperative relationships with distinguished foreign universities, research institutions, and companies;
• transformed 15-20 academy-affiliated research institutions into for-profit corporate entities; • built high-tech incubators jointly with local governments; • introduced venture-capital mechanisms through creation of CAS-managed venturecapital funds; and
• sold shares of Chinese Academy’s companies in stock