Scotland Paper

The history begins in the 1st century, when Romans invaded Britain. Romans added southern Britain to the empire as Britannia province. To keep the northern tribes from invading, Emperor Hadrian built a huge wall across the island. The Romans called the land on the north side of the wall Caledonia and the people were called the Picts, meaning “painted” for their painted bodies. 5th century Celtic immigrants from Ireland, also known as Scots, settled north of Clyde. They were already Christians when they left Ireland. St. Columbia, in the next century, converted the Picts king to Christianity. In the 10th century the land became known as Scotland. After the England was conquered, by the Normans, in 1066, many Anglo-Saxons settled in the Lowlands of Scotland. This is where the Scots gradually adopted English ways. Feudalism was established, the chiefs of the clans became nobles, and the towns grew, trade increased causing Scotland prospered. In 1290, the heiress to the throne, Margaret, died. Edward I of England claimed the right to bestow the crown and made John de Baliol king. But when Edward asked help from John against the French, John entered an alliance with France. For 260 years Scotland held this “auld alliance” with England’s enemy. Edward crosses the border in 1296, took John de Baliol as a prisoner, and proclaimed himself king of Scotland. In later Middle Ages, Scotland suffered from weak kings and powerful nobles. For two centuries there was a constant struggle between the Crown and the barons. Border clashes with England continued. “James IV of Scotland married Margaret, daughter of Henry VII of England, in 1503. When Henry VIII went to war with France in 1512, however, James IV invaded England. He fell, "riddled with arrows," at Flodden Field in the last great border battle (1513) (Heritage of Scotland)” Meanwhile the Protestant Reformation had swept across Europe and into England. Scotland was still considered a Roman Catholic country. Its

Cited: "The History of Scotland Scottish History." The History of Scotland Scottish History. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. "HISTORY OF SCOTLAND." HISTORY OF SCOTLAND. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014.