Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Research Paper
The first topic I plan on discussing is how the self-fulfilling prophecy can affect a person's self-esteem. The self-fulfilling prophecy explains how one's expectations about another person will eventually lead that person to behave in ways that would confirm these expectations. The self-fulfilling prophecy can affect a person's self-esteem, which is a person's evaluation of himself or herself (lecture, 9/29/04). According to the self-fulfilling prophecy, we would alter our behavior to confirm people's expectations about us. Therefore, a negative comment and expectation about us could arouse a negative view of ourselves which may lower our self-esteem. For example, if a person were to make a comment that I was irresponsible and expected me to not handle my
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tasks responsibly; I would then confirm these expectations by acting irresponsibly. By confirming these expectations and behaving in that manner, I am more likely to hold a more negative view of myself which would in turn lower my self-esteem. Secondly, I plan on discussing on how cognitive dissonance is able to affect the self.
Cognitive dissonance explains about our experience of being at the stand of having incompatible thoughts (lecture, 11/1/04). The self-discrepancy theory however, suggests that we have a few conceptions of the self, where one of them is called the ideal self. The ideal self touches on the idea of what we would like to be (lecture, 11/22/04). When people begin to feel that their behavior goes against their sense of morality, they attempt to adjust this by changing either their behavior or cognitions to justify themselves, in order to fit the idea of their ideal self better. Also, if we wished to adjust our behavior, we would probably attempt to do this by exercising the executive control function where we would begin to regulate our behavior in ways which would bring it in line with the dissonant cognition. For example, if I was asked to sign an animal-rights poster stating that I supported animal rights and if I were to find myself wearing a fur-coat at the same time, I would then probably feel an unpleasant physiological arousal. Thus, I would feel more motivated to regulate my behavior by not wearing fur-coats any
longer. Lastly, I will discuss about how stereotypes can affect the self. Stereotypes are generalizations about a group of people, in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all group members (lecture, 10/6/04). Stereotypes can very much affect the self's behavior where we would again exercise the executive control function by regulating our behavior according to their stereotypes. For example, if people were to hold a stereotype that all African American males were not disciplined, African-American males would probably confirm that idea and begin to alter their behavior by being undisciplined. Stereotypes can also guide the self-reference effect. The self-reference effect suggests that certain information can have more or less relevance to the self (lecture, 11/22/04). We are more likely to retain certain information that people impose on us when we are able to identify with it. For example, if a person were to make a statement that all girls were mentally challenged, females would retain that information more effectively than males would. Stereotypes can also exercise our emotional function which helps us to determine affective responses. Given that the same situation were to occur, the female would feel more offended and would probably result in being more frustrated as compared to a male. When people hold a large number of negative stereotypes of us, we may be more likely to feel negative about ourselves. Also, seeing how the self-fulfilling prophecy talks about behaving in ways that would confirm people's expectations about us, we may be more susceptible to having a low self-esteem if we easily confirm their expectations. Therefore, the greater the amount of negative stereotypes people have of us, and the more we easily confirm people's expectations, we are probably more likely to having a lower self-esteem of the self.
tasks responsibly; I would then confirm these expectations by acting irresponsibly. By confirming these expectations and behaving in that manner, I am more likely to hold a more negative view of myself which would in turn lower my self-esteem. Secondly, I plan on discussing on how cognitive dissonance is able to affect the self.
Cognitive dissonance explains about our experience of being at the stand of having incompatible thoughts (lecture, 11/1/04). The self-discrepancy theory however, suggests that we have a few conceptions of the self, where one of them is called the ideal self. The ideal self touches on the idea of what we would like to be (lecture, 11/22/04). When people begin to feel that their behavior goes against their sense of morality, they attempt to adjust this by changing either their behavior or cognitions to justify themselves, in order to fit the idea of their ideal self better. Also, if we wished to adjust our behavior, we would probably attempt to do this by exercising the executive control function where we would begin to regulate our behavior in ways which would bring it in line with the dissonant cognition. For example, if I was asked to sign an animal-rights poster stating that I supported animal rights and if I were to find myself wearing a fur-coat at the same time, I would then probably feel an unpleasant physiological arousal. Thus, I would feel more motivated to regulate my behavior by not wearing fur-coats any
longer. Lastly, I will discuss about how stereotypes can affect the self. Stereotypes are generalizations about a group of people, in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all group members (lecture, 10/6/04). Stereotypes can very much affect the self's behavior where we would again exercise the executive control function by regulating our behavior according to their stereotypes. For example, if people were to hold a stereotype that all African American males were not disciplined, African-American males would probably confirm that idea and begin to alter their behavior by being undisciplined. Stereotypes can also guide the self-reference effect. The self-reference effect suggests that certain information can have more or less relevance to the self (lecture, 11/22/04). We are more likely to retain certain information that people impose on us when we are able to identify with it. For example, if a person were to make a statement that all girls were mentally challenged, females would retain that information more effectively than males would. Stereotypes can also exercise our emotional function which helps us to determine affective responses. Given that the same situation were to occur, the female would feel more offended and would probably result in being more frustrated as compared to a male. When people hold a large number of negative stereotypes of us, we may be more likely to feel negative about ourselves. Also, seeing how the self-fulfilling prophecy talks about behaving in ways that would confirm people's expectations about us, we may be more susceptible to having a low self-esteem if we easily confirm their expectations. Therefore, the greater the amount of negative stereotypes people have of us, and the more we easily confirm people's expectations, we are probably more likely to having a lower self-esteem of the self.