Obtain boiled, deionized water, pipets or burets, and 20-mL beakers or 150 mm test tubes in order to mix solutions for 8 kinetic trials.…
(TCO A) The characteristic that is demonstrated when a high degree of consensus can be secured among independent measurers using the same measurement methods is…
-Correspondence principle pt 2: any new or revised theory must not only account discrepancy between experimental results and predictions of old theory but must be successful where old theory was successful…
There are two major studies in which we can look, at these are Asch and Zimbardo. Asked our student volunteers to take part in the vision test, all but one of the volunteers were colleagues of the experimenter. the volunteers were shown 3 lines the free lines were all different sizes and there was a fourth line which was the same size as one of the 3 lines. All the volunteers had to do was to say Which line was the same size as the separate fourth line. Altogether there were 123 American undergraduates being tested. Asch showed a series of lines to participants seated around a table, participants always answered in the same order. The colleagues were instructed to give the same incorrect answer on 12 of the 18 trials. On 12 critical trials 36.8% of the participants got the answer incorrect in other words they conformed with the majority. A quarter of the participants did not conform on any of the trials. Although people did conform the size of the group depended on how many people conform e.g. if there was a large group and they all said the wrong answers the participant will become suspicious and not conform. Also the participants profession could make a difference on whether they conform e.g. a maths teacher will realise that the size of the line is the same as they work with this sort of thing every day. When the difference between the sizes of the lines decreased, making it harder to distinguish the difference between the lines, the level of conformity increased. this study was only conducted on American men during a period of time when people were scared to be different. another weakness is that only one third of participants conformed the other participants stuck and gave the right answer or the answer they thought was right The next study is Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment. To conduct this experiment a mock correctional facility was constructed in the basement of Stanford University, an advert was…
Chapter 19: We conducted a variation of Asch’s (1951) conformity study in which participants made judgments about the length of lines. We randomly assigned participants to one of two conditions and told them that the study…
Finally it is argued that the artificial environment of an experiment would provoke the “Hawthorne Effect”, in which a person with knowledge of their observation modifies their behaviour, in an attempt to second guess what the observer expects or wants them to do, which would not give very valid data and also, as only some people would succumb to this effect, would also not give very reliable data.…
Research into conformity includes Sherif’s study conducted in 1935. The aims of his study were to study how people were influences by other people’s opinion, in their perception of the autokinetic effect. The Participants were seated in a dark room. Fifteen feet in front of the participants was a pinpoint of light that appears. Participants have to guess how far it moves. The dot doesn’t actually move but due to autokinetic effects, very small movements of the eyes make the light seem to move. Each participant developed their own personal answer, which varied considerably between individuals. Then the next day, three participants re-did the experiment, with two other participants that gave very different answers, to see if hearing other people’s answer would affect their answers. For example if a participant said it moved 6 inches when he was on his own. However when two other participants that said much less joined him, he says it moves much less than the day before. The first participants original response changes when in company of other people, this showing social influence. The…
The Asch Conformity is an experiment where the researchers watch the participants answer questions and see what their answer is. Researchers are looking to see if the participants are persuaded one way or another when answering a question in a group setting. This study is similar to being in a class with other students. The teacher could go person to person asking a question and after the first person answers, the rest of them will typically say, “I got with he/she got.” More than half the time, they don’t know the answer or they don’t want to stick out like a sore thumb if their answer is wrong. This study is very similar to the actual Asch procedure. This experiment included 24 college students, 13 females and 11 males, during 18 trials of deciding which cards had the same length of the line printed on them.…
A study conducted on conformity was by Asch in 1951 to see if participants would conform to majority social influence and give incorrect answers in a blatantly obvious scenario, in a situation where all but one of the 'participants' were confederates. The participants were shown a vertical line and were asked to call out which other 3 lines was the same as the first line.…
References: Asch, S. E. (t956). Studies of independence and conformity: 1. A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs, 70(9), 1-70.…
Asch’s conformity study made participants tell differences in length of lines when the majority answered incorrectly. These people did not receive any explanation why the majority disagreed and it dealt with an issue that was unimportant. Confusion would have been an issue and it is “hard to act independently when things don’t make sense”. People actively construe and act in response to their subjective interpretation of the experience. It is imperative to imagine oneself in the experiment to understand why someone would not have spoken up.…
Conformity is the convergence of individuals’ thoughts, feelings, or behavior toward social norms. One of the most influential conformity researchers in psychological history is Muzafer Sherif, who researched the reason why people conform. Conformity can occur for two different reasons, such as, informational influence and normative influence. Normative influence is when people want to be liked and so by being in a group they gain social approval that leads to compliance. On the other hand, informational influence is when people want to be right, so they join a group that they perceive to be correct, which leads to acceptance.…
In what century, was the simplest test for examining differences between two groups first advanced?…
What they had done was use mathematical rules and procedures to prove that a minimal counterexample to the four color conjecture could not exist. They had to check around 1900…
The first serious attempt to test the theory was made by Professor Wassily W. Leontief in 1954.…