After the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from Britain to China in 1997, 'One Country, Two Systems' is proposed in ruling Hong Kong. In order to promote national awareness and allowing students know more about national identity, the Hong Kong government proposed to add a subject of moral and national education. However, there was a huge controversy over the plan for the new subject.
In the past sixteen years, Hong Kong people have been conducted a great deal of interviews and surveys about their consciousness of national identity. Regarding the geography, the history, culture and political, Hong Kong is part of China. Nevertheless, the result of random telephone survey indicated 38% of the participants who speak Cantonese in Hong Kong of age 18 or above considered to be Hongkongers, 23% were being Chinese. 24% of respondents regarded themselves as Hongkongers in China, while 12% as Chinese in Hong Kong. Besides, the strength of people’s identity as Chinese was 6.80 marks, which is the lowest since June 1999 (The Public Opinion Programme at the University of Hong Kong, 2013). The research indicates that they have stronger feelings of being a Hongkonger rather than Chinese. The Curriculum Development Council (2009) has reported that “to be an informed and responsible citizen with a sense of global and national identity” is one of the major objectives in education reform. Therefore, the Curriculum Development Council (2012) noted that the one of the purposes of moral and nation education is promoting the recognition of identity. Students might build identities in the “family, society, the country and the world” They play a role as “responsible family members, citizens, nationals and global citizens”.
Through the national education, students are expected to familiarize themselves with the situations of China and love their nation. However, the National Education Services Center published a handbook