a. Political independence. Many rebellions throughout history have been provoked by a lack of sovereignty and the search for political independence, usually in the form of a republic. However, this cannot be assumed with the Tupac Amaru movement—the rebellion did not call for freedom from Spain or the creation of an independent republic.
b. An effort to resurrect the Incan Empire. “Although the neo-Inca revival is an important factor in the movement’s ideology and timing, it alone is not a sufficient explanation” (pg. 20).
c. To retain traditional relations rather than overthrow the Spanish-ruled state. This interpretation is contradicted by the rebels’ actions—“they had ‘undeniable anti-colonial intentions’” (pg. 21).
“The eighteenth-century Andean rebellions should not be framed, therefore, solely as failed antecedents to independence movements akin to other mass insurgencies of the Enlightenment era, or as backward-looking restorationist projects, or as more, albeit grandiose, revolts” (pg. 21). What, then, was/were the true goal(s) of the Tupac Amaru rebellion? Tupac Amaru’s goals were to cast off the Europeans (pg. 16), and to “demolish Bourbon colonialism” (pg. 17). Amaru did not just want independence from the