Smooth Muscle Research Paper

Smooth muscle- are involuntary muscles found in the walls of hollow organs like the stomach, intestines or bladder. Smooth Muscles have many functions in the body, but one of the functions of smooth muscles in the bladder contracts to push urine out of the body.
Skeletal muscle- Skeletal Muscles are muscles attached to the skeleton. The skeletal muscles main function is to contract to support the skeleton in movement. Skeletal muscles are voluntary because we have complete control of the movements because of the signals the brain sends to the muscles.
Cardiac muscle- The heart is a Cardiac muscle and is responsible for pumping blood around the body. The heart is made up of two parts separated by the septum. Each side has lower (Right and Left
Ventricle) and upper chambers (Right and Left Atrium). Veins are connected to the heart and return blood to the heart. The arteries take blood away from the heart. The heart a lot of blood vessels, Pulmonary Vein, Pulmonary Arteries, The Small and Large Vena Cava and the Aorta.
Antagonistic muscle- are also known as a prime mover. Antagonistic muscle must involve muscles and joints, they can only pull and not push. Antagonistic muscle performs and motion of what the antagonist did. These are normally found on opposite sides of the joint. As one muscle contracts the other relaxes-this is called an antagonistic pair.
Eccentric Contraction- is a type of muscle activation that increases tension on a muscles it lengthens, it o curs when a muscle opposes a stronger force which causes a muscle to lengthen as it contracts. An example: Lowering a dumbbell weight keeping your posture steady. The muscle is lengthened while the dumbbell is being lowered.
Isometric - a muscle contraction in which the muscle fibres remain approximately the same length even though force is being exerted. An example: Planking is a isometric contraction as the muscles in the abdominal area are in the middle of a concentric and isometric contraction and there is no change in muscle length.
Concentric- It increases tension on a muscle as it shortens, for example in a gym when lifting weights, you need to generate a lot of power or explosive force for concentric contractions to occur.
An example: Pull ups is an example of a concentric muscle contraction, the contraction happens when you’re pulling yourself up above the bar.
Fibre types:
Type 1 (slow twitch) - are red in colour because the amount of oxygen it uses up and high volumes of myoglobin. Type 1 muscle fibres are used in sports such as long distance running e.g. 10,000 metres run or a marathon. When you are running in a 10,000M race, the slow twitch muscles will come in place and the muscles do not tire easily as they are slow oxidative muscles so the muscles are used for endurance events. Mo Farah is a perfect example of an athlete who has type 1 muscles and uses it to a great advantage.
Type 2a (fast twitch)- are red in colour. Type 2a fibers are used in fast activities like Sprinting 100m. They contain large amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria. Usain Bolt is an athlete who uses his fast twitch as an advantage as he has inherited it from family backgrounds as he has discovered. Bolts muscles are fast oxidative which contract very fast, making him very fast but the muscles tire easily as they are an anaerobic
muscle.
Type 2b- is white in colour as they have a low amount of myoglobin and mitochondria. Type 2b is only used for short duration, like weightlifting. The Rock would use this to an advantage because the muscles are found mostly in the arm and he has very big muscles. He uses it for power and maximal force. The muscles tire as they produce ATP slowly.