George H. Heilmeier was born on May 22, 1936 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He received his BS degree in Electrical Engineering with distinguished honors from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and his M.S.E., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees in solid state materials and electronics from Princeton University. In 1958 Heilmeier joined RCA Laboratories in Princeton, New Jersey. There he worked on parametric amplification, tunnel diode down-converters, millimeter wave generation, ferroelectric thin film devise, organic semiconductors, and electro-optic effects in molecular and liquid crystals. In 1964 he discovered several new electro-optic effects in liquid crystals. This led to the first working liquid crystal displays based on what Heilmeier called dynamic scattering mode or DSM. DSM allows liquid crystals to scatter light when a voltage is applied. George Heilmeier’s discovery is essentially used by everyone in the modern world. LCD screens are the medium through which people get their everyday information from. Devices like calculators, clocks, computer monitors, smart phones, and televisions.
James Baldwin
James Baldwin was born on August 2, 1924 in Harlem, New York. During his teenage years he discovered he was homosexual and left the United States. He departed to Paris, France, due to the strong dislike against blacks and homosexual by Americans, in 1948. In Paris, Baldwin became involved in the cultural radicalism of the Left Bank and soon his work started to be published in literary anthologies. In the summer of 1957, Baldwin returned to the United States while the Civil Rights Act was being debated in Congress. While writing about the Civil Rights Movement in essays like “Down at the Cross” and “The Fire Next Time”, he associated himself with the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). In 1963 he operated a lecture tour of the South for CORE. During the tour he addressed his