Nussbaum’s two-prong affiliation capability treats those who wish to harbor the legacy of the confederacy and racism and the experiences of the Black students protesting the existence of these relics. First, individuals who wish to maintain the legacy of oppressive symbols would need to learn to live amongst those who are different and be able to show concern for their well being. For example, in the case of Ole Miss, Nussbaum would call for Sidle and Nelm to empathize with students who feel oppressed by the symbols and traditions in order to create a campus culture that is affirming. Second, Nussbaum would believe that Black students at the campuses previewed in this paper should have the ability to exist within an environment that supports their identities and allows them to be treated as equals versus having traditions that symbolize historical inequality. Therefore, Nussbaum states that justice demands that we go to the end to pursue the elements needed to create a space for individuals to have their dignity and…
“With his black brothers of Africa and his brown and yellow brothers of Asia, South America and the Caribbean, the United States Negro is moving with a sense of great urgency toward the promised land of racial justice.”…
The beginning of black militancy in the United States is said to have begun with the chants “Black Power” demanded by Stokely Carmichael and Willie Ricks during the 1966 March against Fear. While Carmichael and Ricks may have coined the phrase “black power”, the roots of the movement had been planted long before by Mr. Robert F. Williams. In Timothy Tyson’s book: Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power, Tyson details the life of a remarkable man who had the audacity not only to challenge racial injustice in America but also to contest the rarely disputed strategies of Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Establishment.…
Throughout the book “The Souls of Black Folk,” W.E.B. Du Bois portrays what it is meant to be an African American in the twentieth century. Through Du Bois eyes, blacks went through many problems and hardships in their community. One of the main problems with the African American community was the issue of poverty. The “Color line,” as Du Bois mentions, was one of the main issues for all the problems. Du Bois shows the social, economic, and political problems throughout the community, but also gives solutions to many of the problems.…
This research is guided by the question: how does immigration affect Black community organizing? The purpose of this research is to understand the relationship between Black immigration and Black community organizing. One of the underpins of this question is determining whether the existing tensions between subgroups within the Black community, specifically native and non-native Black populations in the United States, are inflated by the prioritization of issues by community organizations. I hypothesize that there is a lack acknowledgement for immigration by community organizations due to a general misconception that immigration is not an issue that affects Black people, leading to an erasure of immigrant issues, thus exacerbating tensions…
In his autobiography Up from Slavery, B.T. Washington keys in on the idea of black self-determination, the ability to not only survive, but also be a part of civilization and in turn a community, is a concept that emerged in the late 1800s after the abolition of slavery. Washington alludes to the notion with obtaining this, America can overcome racial prejudice. Washington defends his argument throughout this autobiography by illustrating the shift in education and survival from slavery to post slavery, highlighting the already prevalent sense of community between both white and black folks, and alluding to a future of not only true independence, but also the end of racism.…
In Hanna Guthrie’s article, “Black History Month,” the UCI New University writer discusses the racism in America. In order for racism to be abolished, Guthrie accentuates racism is being spread through American Citizens self segregation. Though Hanna Guthrie article presents a clear claim and provides a small amount of factual evidence to support in itself, ultimately Guthrie article is unsuccessful because she fails to provide an adequate amount of logic-based information to support her primary claim, excessively dependent upon emotion-driven attacks on those who disagree with her, and frequently fails to present her augment in a approach that makes her creditable.…
In this essay written by African American Shelby Steele, he tells of the hard times of his people. He leads the reader through his experiences in the civil rights movement and compares the life of an African American in the 1960’s and one in the present day. He writes that African Americans today would have to use ever ounce of their intelligence and imagination to find reasons for them not to succeed in today’s society. He goes on to say that African Americans use the harm done for them in the past and try to use it as guilt for the white Americans. It goes on to explain the importance in fighting for a cause in a group and not breaking off as individuals.…
In each movement, black members joined as a matter of life and death. For the Radical Abolitionist movement, black participants knew that immediate abolition was necessary to save their lives and the lives of their families and friends. Black citizens joined the Populist movement out of necessity as well. They believed it to be their best chance at racial uplift, education, legal justice, and voting rights.15As such, they were willing to support any movement that combated evils that they faced and promised political, economic, and social uplift, even when they understanding that they were being used for the influence of their vote.16 In each case the reason for black involvement is necessity, because these movements were the most promising courses of change for millions of de jure slaves of the antebellum South and de facto slaves of the Reconstruction and Post-Reconstruction South. However, a true interracial coalition cannot exist under these conditions, in which there is no accompanying unity of understanding, motive, and belief accompanying the supposed interracial unity, because neither group is aware of, nor consenting to the actual motives, means, and ends of their other group. Furthermore, under these conditions, the power dynamics render the black members of these radical movements susceptible to exploitation and false promises by the movements’ primarily white leaders, which is exactly the case in the Radical Abolitionist and Populist movements, and a true alliance cannot be founded upon exploitation and…
Throughout history African Americans have faced a great deal of adversity due simply to the racial group they belong. This group has been subjected to being owned and treated like farm livestock, pushed by law in to separate spaces and were even subjected to racial motivated hate crimes. African Americans have faced some of the most radical hatred, subjugation and prejudicial treatment of any minority group. Laws have been passed to project an idea that they are not equal to the majority group of this country. Members of this group have spent time in jail for sometimes simple actions which violated this law. This minority group has been the target of racial violence as well. These attacks of resulted in everything from minor injury to death. In this chapter we will discuss the historical hardships faced by this minority group.…
African-Americans have been oppressed since their arrival in America in 1619. Due to their differences in physical characteristics, Whites considered them an inferior race and therefore treated them as property, disregarding their human rights. After many years of exploitation and abuse, in 1791, slaves on the small island of Hispaniola revolted against French rule and successfully gained their freedom in 1804. It gave hope to African American slaves who, in turn, decided to stand against their masters and gain their freedom. Every one of those rebellions was extremely violent. They were so passionate about the cause and have been oppressed for so long that they targeted anyone that was white: men, women and children. In Donn C. Worgs ““Beware of the Frustrated”: The Fantasy and Reality of African American Revolt”, the author examines African Americans’ need to use violence when it comes to revolting against their oppressors. On an opposite note, in “Civil Rights Success and the Politics of Racial Violence”, Joseph E. Luders emphasizes on the positive effects on nonviolent protests. Both authors justify these opposing strategies while making some valid points. This research paper will examine the strong arguments of both Worgs and Luders while attempting to understand how each strategy has individually shaped the mind of African Americans in today’s America.…
Huffman argues that identities are complex matter. Identities are historically bound and socially constructed element and it can be changed in time to time. Every individual has own self-identity that defined by own experiences, and cultural practices. Huffman discussed about four theoretical approaches to understanding the role of identities in conflict. Here, I would like to discuss about theory of protected social conflict in the context of Nepalese conflict, which I have experienced in my own life. Nepal is one of the developing country in the world, and suffering from the internal political conflict throughout the decade long civil war. The civil war thrown by the Nepal Communist Party (Maoist) from 1996 and came on the peace agreement…
Barack Obama delivered a speech on racial relations, people consider it was the one of the greatest speeches ever given on race. The speech, “A More Perfect Union” was delivered March 18, 2008, at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Reaction was largely positive, drawing comparisons to Martin Luther King, “I have a dream speech.” On the other hand, the “Problem we All Live With” and Elizabeth and Hazel they both have same impact segregation. A wide-range of context surveying America’s history of racial tension serves to aid understanding of a critical analysis of Obama’s speech. Obama wrote in his speech some bitterness and angry, surely remain among aggrieved communities because he wants this country to be as unity,…
The African American freedom struggle is one that is often associated strictly with the United States, however the freedom struggle is not exclusively a United States struggle but has many global impacts. There were many influential leaders in the African American freedom struggle such as, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X and the less remembered Bayard Rustin. Dr. Martin Luther King in his many contributions to the freedom struggle, also was a extremely well known speaker. He is often remembered for a chapter of his 1967 book, Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community?,entitled “The World House” in which he speaks of a “revolution of values” which he articulates are a key part in the freedom revolution. Through this paper, we will strive…
America is a nation “from many, one” as stated in our country’s original motto. We pride ourselves on the granted equal opportunity and freedom afforded to each citizen. But are these premises held true and adequately carried out? My answer is a resounding no! Our country’s intricate history provides us with the foundation that explains why and how discrimination has infiltrated and given the upper hand to the white race that has dominated the American society, while suppressing races of color. Dating back to the discovery of the new world we know as the contemporary United States, the African American race has been segregated and mistreated as exemplified through slavery, falsely relayed “scientifically findings,” and the detrimental habit of forming stereotypical judgements. This has affected African American’s ability to flourish and homogenize into in the diverse culture of the United States. Throughout this writing, I will focus on the late nineteenth century racial discrimination issues, and how they were created, through the eyes of many influential sociologists that had a firsthand look at this period of ethic divide.…