Sociology Exam 1 Review
IowaSocialization and the Construction of Reality * 55 Questions. (plenty of time). * Chapters 1-4 Conley, Chapters 1-3 Leicht, your two discussion section readings so far (Lovaglia & Ritzer) + lecture notes. * NO Friday quiz this week. * NO NEW READING ASSIGNMENT THIS WEEK
Socialization: The Concept * Socialization is the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as a member of that society.
Theories of Socialization * George Herbert Mead * Developed a theory about how the social self develops over the course of childhood * Infants know only the “I,” but through social interaction they learn about “me” and the “other” * They develop a concept of the “generalized other,” which allows them to apply norms and behaviors learned in specific situations to new situations * Mead stressed the importance of imitation, play, and games in helping children recognize one another, distinguish between self and other, and grasp the idea that others can have multiple roles.
Theories of Socialization * Eric Erikson * Established a theory of psychosocial development that identifies eight stages that span a person’s lifetime * Each stage involves a specific conflict that a person must resolve in order to move on to the next stage
Erickson’s stages of socialization: * Infant (0-18 mo.) – trust vs mistrust * 2 – 3 yrs.—autonomy vs shame and doubt * 3-5 yrs—intuition vs guilt * 6 – 11 yrs—idustry vs inferiority * 12- 18 yrs (adolescence)—identity vs role confusion * 19 – 40 yrs—intimacy vs isolation * 40-65 yrs—generativity vs stagnation * 65 and up—ego integrity vs despair
Agents of Socialization * Families, school, peers, the media, and total institutions are all important socializing agents or environments. * A total institution is an institution in which one is totally immersed that controls all the
Socialization: The Concept * Socialization is the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as a member of that society.
Theories of Socialization * George Herbert Mead * Developed a theory about how the social self develops over the course of childhood * Infants know only the “I,” but through social interaction they learn about “me” and the “other” * They develop a concept of the “generalized other,” which allows them to apply norms and behaviors learned in specific situations to new situations * Mead stressed the importance of imitation, play, and games in helping children recognize one another, distinguish between self and other, and grasp the idea that others can have multiple roles.
Theories of Socialization * Eric Erikson * Established a theory of psychosocial development that identifies eight stages that span a person’s lifetime * Each stage involves a specific conflict that a person must resolve in order to move on to the next stage
Erickson’s stages of socialization: * Infant (0-18 mo.) – trust vs mistrust * 2 – 3 yrs.—autonomy vs shame and doubt * 3-5 yrs—intuition vs guilt * 6 – 11 yrs—idustry vs inferiority * 12- 18 yrs (adolescence)—identity vs role confusion * 19 – 40 yrs—intimacy vs isolation * 40-65 yrs—generativity vs stagnation * 65 and up—ego integrity vs despair
Agents of Socialization * Families, school, peers, the media, and total institutions are all important socializing agents or environments. * A total institution is an institution in which one is totally immersed that controls all the