South Africa

This article is about the modern country. For other uses, see South Africa (disambiguation).

Republic of South Africa[show] Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "!ke e: ǀxarra ǁke" (ǀXam)
"Unity In Diversity"
Anthem: National anthem of South Africa

Capital
Pretoria (executive)
Bloemfontein (judicial)
Cape Town (legislative)
Largest city Johannesburg (2006)[2]
Official languages
11 languages[3][show]
Ethnic groups ([Note 1][4][5]:21)
79.2% Black African
8.9% Coloured
8.9% White
2.5% Indian or Asian
0.5% other
Demonym South African
Government Constitutional parliamentary republic - President Jacob Zuma - Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe - NCOP Chairman M. J. Mahlangu - Speaker of the National Assembly Max Sisulu - Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng
Legislature Parliament - Upper house National Council of Provinces - Lower house National Assembly
Independence from the United Kingdom - Union 31 May 1910 - Statute of Westminster 11 December 1931 - Republic 31 May 1961
Area
- Total 1,221,037 km2 (25th)
471,443 sq mi - Water (%) negligible
Population
- 2011 census 51,770,560[5]:18 - Density 42.4/km2 (169th)
109.8/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2012 estimate - Total $578.640 billion[6] - Per capita $11,302[6] (105[7])
GDP (nominal) 2012 estimate - Total $390.919 billion[6] - Per capita $7,635[6]
Gini (2009) 63.1[8] very high · 2nd
HDI (2011) 0.619 medium · 123rd
Currency South African rand (ZAR)
Time zone SAST (UTC+2)
Drives on the left
Calling code +27
ISO 3166 code ZA
Internet TLD .za
Coordinates: 30°S 25°E
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of Africa. It is divided into nine provinces and has 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline.[9][10][11] To the north lie the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an enclave surrounded by South African territory.[12]

References: ^ a b c d e Census 2011: Census in brief. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012. ISBN 9780621413385 Check |isbn= value (help). Retrieved 12 January 2013. ^ Wymer, John; Singer, R (1982). The Middle Stone Age at Klasies River Mouth in South Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-76103-7. ^ Deacon, HJ (2001). "Guide to Klasies River". Stellenbosch University. p. 11. Retrieved 5 September 2009. ^ Domville-Fife, C.W. (1900). The encyclopedia of the British Empire the first encyclopedic record of the greatest empire in the history of the world ed.. London: Rankin. p. 25. ^ Mackenzie, W. Douglas; Stead, Alfred (1899). South Africa: Its History, Heroes, and Wars. Chicago: The Co-Operative Publishing Company. ^ Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). Genocide: a history. Pearson Education. p. 22. ISBN 0-582-50601-8 ^ Williams, Garner F (1905) ^ Bond, Patrick (1999). Cities of gold, townships of coal: essays on South Africa 's new urban crisis. Africa World Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-86543-611-4. ^ Cape of Good Hope (South Africa). Parliament House. (1906). Report of the Select Committee on Location Act. Cape Times Limited. Retrieved 30 July 2009. ^ Report of the Inter-departmental committee on the native pass laws. Cape Times Limited, government printers. p. 2. 1920. ^ Great Britain Colonial Office; Transvaal (Colony). Governor (1901–1905: Milner) (January 1902). Papers relating to legislation affecting natives in the Transvaal. His Majesty 's Stationery Office. ^ De Villiers, John Abraham Jacob (1896). The Transvaal. London: Chatto & Windus. pp. 30 (n46). Retrieved 30 July 2009. ^ "South Africa". Human Development Report. United Nations Development Programme. 2006. Retrieved 28 November 2007. ^ Jonathan Crush (ed), The Perfect Storm: Realities of Xenophobia in Contemporary South Africa, [1], Southern African Migration Project, Cape Town & Queen 's University, Canada, 2006, p. 1 ^ a b c d United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ^ South African Communication Service (1997). South Africa yearbook. South African Communication Service. ^ Rong, I. H.; Baxter, A. P. (2006). "The South African National Collection of Fungi: Celebrating a centenary 1905-2005". Studies in Mycology 55: 1–12. doi:10.3114/sim.55.1.1. PMC 2104721. PMID 18490968. edit ^ Crous, P ^ Marincowitz, S.; Crous, P.W.; Groenewald J.Z. and Wingfield, M.J. (2008) Microfungi occurring on Proteaceae in the fynbos. CBS Biodiversity Series 7. ^ SA marriage law signed retrieved 5 April 2012 ^ Pamela Snyman and Amanda Barratt (2 October 2002) ^ Adriana Stuijt (17 February 2009). "Two more S. African farmers killed: death toll now at 3,037". Digital Journal. Retrieved 24 May 2011. ^ Rosalind Rosenberg (Summer 2001). "Virginia Gildersleeve: Opening the Gates (Living Legacies)". Columbia Magazine. ^ Increasing police repression highlighted by recent cases, Freedom of Expression Institute, 2006 ^ Political tolerance on the wane in South Africa, Imraan Buccus, SA Reconciliation Barometer, 2011 ^ Perry, Alex (5 November 2007). "Oprah scandal rocks South Africa". TIME. Retrieved 15 May 2011. ^ a b "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993 (Section 224)". South African Government. 1993. Retrieved 23 June 2008. ^ Col L B van Stade, Senior Staff Officer Rationalisation, SANDF (1997). "Rationalisation in the SANDF: The Next Challenge". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 23 June 2008. ^ a b c Mosiuoa Lekota (5 September 2005). "Address by the Minister of Defence at a media breakfast at Defence Headquarters, Pretoria". Department of Defence. Retrieved 23 June 2008. ^ a b Lieutenant Colonel Roy E. Horton III (BS, Electrical Engineering; MS, Strategic Intelligence) (October 1999). "Out of (South) Africa: Pretoria 's Nuclear Weapons Experience". USAF Institute for National Security Studies. Retrieved 23 June 2008. ^ a b c "South Africa comes clean", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May 1993, pp. 3,4 ^ Christine Dodson (22 October 1979) ^ Stats in Brief, 2010. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2010. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-621-39563-1. ^ Solomon, Hussein (1996). "Strategic Perspectives on Illegal Immigration into South Africa". African Security Review 5 (4).