Preview

south africa

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
29844 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
south africa
Towards a National Child Labour Action Programme for South Africa

Discussion Document
October 2002
Discussion document
Prepared for the Department of Labour by Dawie Bosch & Associates
Funded by the International Labour Organisation’s (ILO)
International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) for use in the consultative process towards a national child labour programme for South Africa.

Core team members
Dawie Bosch, Debbie Budlender, Sam Tshabalala

Specialists
Ann Skelton, Dawie Bosch, Debbie Budlender, Leslie London, Neva Makgetla, Sam Tshabalala, Shireen Motala, Shirin Motala, Shirley Mabusela

Comment on the analysis in this document, or proposals for policy, should be received by the Department of Labour by 28 February 2003. It may be sent in one of the following ways: By post: Minimum Standards Directorate Department of Labour Private Bag X117 0001 Pretoria By fax to (012) 309-4709 By email to joy.mehlomakulu@labour.gov.za
This and other documents and links are available at http://www.labour.gov.za and http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/ipec/simpoc/southafrica/index.htm
Produced in cooperation with International Labour Organisation (ILO)
International Programme on the Elimintation of Child Labour (IPEC)
4 Route des Morillons
CH-1211 Heneva 22
Switzerland
Tel (0941-22) 799-8181 / Fax (0491-22) 799-8771

Area Office, Pretoria
PO Box 40254
Arcadia 0007
Tel (012) 431-8800 / Fax (012) 431-8859

ISBN 0-620-29760-3
V5.1

CONTENTS
Executive Summary
1. Overview of the structure of the discussion document
2. International standards
3. Policy measures
4. Key findings of the SAYP and qualitative research
5. What work activities are harmful to children?
6. Principles and discussion points
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 What has already been done about child labour?
1.2 The way forward
Chapter 2: International instruments affecting child



References: 1 General ILO, 1998: Child labour: Targeting the intolerable, Report VI(1), International Labour Organisation 86th Session, Geneva. Loffell J. 1993. >Building the Lobby against Child Labour in South Africa= in South African Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. Children for Africa: Second Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect, Cape Town: September 83-6. 2 Perceptions of Childhood / Child labour Henderson P, 2000: Annotated bibliography on childhood with an emphasis on Africa: Outline, general findings and research recommendations John M, 1995: ‘Rights in a free market culture’ in Children and the Politics of Culture. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Myers W, 1999: ‘Considering Child Labour: Changing terms, issues and actors at the international level’ in Childhood: A global journal of child research 6(1). Nieuwenhys O, 1996: ‘The Paradox of Child Labour and Anthropology’ in Annual Review of Anthropology 25:237-51. Trones I, Jenks C, Qvortrup J, Rizzini I & Thorne B, 1999: Childhood: A global journal of child research. Special issue: Understanding Child Labour 6(1). Veeren, V, 2000: Combating child labour: A South African challenge, Paper delivered to the 13th International Congress on Child Abuse and Neglect, Implementing the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child - Myth of Reality, Durban. Woodhouse M, 1999: ‘Combatting Child Labour: Listen to what the children say’ in Childhood: a global journal of child research 6(1):27-49. Child labour in South Africa Anti-Slavery Society, 1983: Child Labour in South Africa, Anti-Slavery Child Labour Series, Report No Bosch, Dawie and Gordon, Adele, 1996: Eliminating child labour in South African commercial agriculture: Education and legal action. Paper delivered at the ILO Regional African Workshop on Child Labour in Commercial Agriculture, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Delport E, 1996: Child labour in Southern Africa. University of South Africa, Dept of jurisprudence. Swart-Kruger JM, 1994. >Black latchkey children in South Africa: Social, educational and practical implications= in J le Roux (ed). The Black Child in Crisis Vol 2. Van Schaik. Loffell J, 1993: ‘Building the Lobby against Child Labour in South Africa’ in South African Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. Children for Africa: Second Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect, Cape Town: September, 83-6. Schurink, Willem & Molope, Choarelo and Tshabalala, Sam, 1997: Exploring some Dimensions of Child Labour in South Africa. Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria Child labour in specific locations Gordon, Adele, 2000: Providing Quality Education In Schools On Commercial Farms, Paper prepared for ‘Sowing the seeds of learning: A conference on farm schools’ convened by the Directorate of Planning Systems, National Department of Education, May 2000. Woodhouse M. 1999. ‘Combatting Child Labour: Listen to what the children say’ in Childhood: a global journal of child research 6(1):27-49. 5 Hazardous employment African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, 2000: Various articles, volume 10 Fassa AG, Facchini LA, Dall’agnol MM, Christiani DC, 2000: ‘Child Labour and Health: Problems and Perspectives.’ International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 6:55-62. Forastieri V, 1997: Children at work. Health and Safety Risks. ILO Child Labour Collection. International Labour Office, Geneva. London L, Ehrlich R, Rafudien S, Krige F, Vurgarellis P, 1994: ‘Notification of pesticide poisoning in the Western Cape 1987 - 1991 '. SA Med J 84 : 269-272 Mathambo V, May, 2000: ‘How can we protect ‘invisible workers?’ in ChildrenFIRST 4(30). Sachikonye, L. M, 1991: Child labour in hazardous employment: the case of Zimbabwe. Consultancy report no. 18. Zimbabwe Institute of Development Studies, Harare. Woolfson CA. Beck M, 2000: ‘Child Labour.’ International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 6:63-67. Le Roux J, 1996: Die straatkind - verskynsel in die RSA / The phenomenon of street children in the RSA. University of Pretoria (UP), Faculty of education. Ndhlovu MJ, 1999: Street children: a phenomenological study of the causal factors. University of the North West, Dissertation for Msc degree, Dept of psychology. Richter L, 1991. “Street Children in South Africa: Street Children in Rich and Poor Countries” in The Child Care Worker September, 9(9). Richter L, 1991. “Street Children in South Africa: General theoretical introduction: Society, family and childhood” in The Child Care Worker August, 9(8). Richter, L. M., 1988: 'Street Children: The Nature and Scope of the Problem in Southern Africa ', from The Child Care Worker, Vol. 6, No. 1, July. Richter L & Swart-Kruger J, 1991: Street Children – a reference list. Institute for Behavioural Sciences, University of South Africa. Thomas RH. 1994: ‘Human rights and street children in South Africa’ in Development Southern Africa, May, 11(2). (b) Street children in particular localities Brown EH, 1993: An investigation into the efficacy of community intervention among street children, with specific reference to their coping skills Gumbi TA, 1991: "Street children" at the University of Zululand campus. University of Zululand, Dissertation for MA degree, Dept of social work. Hattingh R, 1994: Die beleweniswereld van die straatkind / The experience world of street child. Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), Dissertation for M Ed degree Faculty of education. Kruger, Jill Swart with Chalwa, Louise, 2002: ‘”We know something someone doesn’t know”: Children speak out on local conditions in Johannesburg.’ Environment and Urbanisation 14:2, Oct 2002 85 et seq. Milazi DBT, 1990: The social context of street children in Bophuthatswana. University of the North-West, Dept of Sociology. Rice NE, 1994: A study of the Knysna street children. University of Stellenbosch (us), Dissertation for MA (SW) degree, Dept of social work. Schärf, W., M. Powell & E. Thomas, 1986: 'Strollers - Street Children of Cape Town ', from S. Burman & P. Reynolds (eds), Growing Up in a Divided Society: The Contexts of Childhood in South Africa, Johannesburg: Ravan Press. Sekobi BP, 1997: An investigation into the phenomenon of street children in the North West area with special reference to Molopo, Odi and Kudumane regions. University of the North West, Dissertation for M Soc Sc degree, Dept of social work. Swart, J., 1990: Malunde: The Street Children of Hillbrow. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg. (c) Psychology and related Chapman MD, 1997: The group psychotherapeutic effects of human modelling psychotherapy on street children identified as having low self-esteem Moran CT, 1994: Coping strategies and personality traits in street children: an exploratory study. University of Natal (UN), Dissertation for MA degree, Dept of psychology. Smal N, 1999: Die ondersoek na die persoonlikheidstipes van 'n groep straatkinders / Investigation into the personality types of a group of street children. University of Stellenbosch (US), Dissertation for M Ed degree, Dept of educational psychology. (d) Street children and AIDS Swart-Kruger J and Richer LM, 1997: ‘AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among South African street youth: Reflections on power, sexuality and the autonomous self’ in Social Science Med 45(6). Swart-Kruger JM and Richter, L M, 1996: Street children: aids research. University of South Africa (UNISA), Dept of anthropology and archaeology. (e) Other aspects Anirudhra K, 1999: Street children in South Africa: working towards socio-educational solutions Bell DA, 1999: Educational psychological guidelines in the handling of street children. University of South Africa (UNISA), Dissertation for M Ed degree, Dept of psychology of education. Bernstein A, Gray M, 1990 The provision of services to street children in Durban, and particularly the failure of the Khayalethu home. University of Natal (UN), Dept of social work. Chetty VR, 1995: A social profile of street children with special reference to their deviant behaviour. University of Durban-Westville, Dissertation for D Phil degree, Dept of criminology. De Wet JP, 1992: Identity and worldview issues in rural development. A case study: reintegration of ex-street children into communities in rural Transkei. University of Cape Town, Dissertation for M Soc Sc degree, Dept of sociology.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    | Relevant Biographical Information About the Author: * White * Born in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa in 1903 * Father was Scottish and mother was South African of English heritage * Worked at a reformatory with black youths…

    • 1030 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    Demographic data is gathered to give providers information on a client’s age, address and reason for seeking services. This data can identify environmental factors that can impact a child’s development. In this section of the developmental history form, the provider can learn that Quaushia is from an area of the city that is considered more volatile and violent than other areas. Many youth in these types of areas witness acts of violence on a frequent basis. The neighborhood can become an unsafe place where a child develops a sense of fear rather than a sense of community. Dr. Bruce Perry explains that “persisting fear and the neurophysiological adaptations to this fear can alter the development of a child’s brain, resulting in changes in physiological, emotional, behavioral, cognitive an social functioning” (Perry, 2001). The fact that Quaushia has been recommended for services because she is exhibiting physically aggressive behaviors may be a result of where she is living.…

    • 1407 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Living in poverty can negatively affect a child’s behavior. In the APA article it states some behavioral problems may include impulsive, difficult getting along with peers and, aggression this quote discusses that kids that live in poverty they get mad and angry at other people or they get aggressive with people. This quote proves that behavioral problems happen to kids because of poverty and things they probably go through in life. In the house on mango street sally is an example of what happens when a child struggles emotionally when living in poverty. In the vignette sally, sally is so…

    • 633 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    References: Barlow J and Schrader-McMillan A, (2010). ‘Safeguarding children from emotional maltreatment.’ Philadelphia: MPG Books Limited.…

    • 2117 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Better Essays

    the code of the streets

    • 6572 Words
    • 27 Pages

    Simply living in such an environment places young people at special risk of falling victim to aggressive behavior. Although there are often forces in the community which can counteract the negative influences, by far the most powerful being a strong, loving, "decent" (as inner-city residents put it) family committed to middle-class values, the despair is pervasive enough to have spawned an oppositional culture, that of "the streets," whose norms are often consciously opposed to those of mainstream society. These two orientations--decent and street--socially organize the community, and their coexistence has important consequences for residents, particularly children growing up in the inner city. Above all, this environment means that even youngsters whose home lives reflect mainstream values--and the majority of homes in the community do-- must be able to handle themselves in a street-oriented environment.…

    • 6572 Words
    • 27 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    According to James Rachels, in his essay “The Morality of Euthanasia,” the American Medical Association’s Conventional Doctrine in Euthanasia is false. The Conventional Doctrine states that there are certain situations in which letting someone die or passive euthanasia is morally permissible, but killing a patient or active euthanasia is not. For instance, in many circumstances a doctor can withhold treatment and will do nothing wrong if the patient were to die, but if the doctor were to provoke the death of the patient then it would be morally wrong. Rachels’ final goal is not to take a stand on the rightness or wrongness of euthanasia but instead show that if passive euthanasia is morally permissible then active euthanasia is also morally permissible. (define euthanasia)…

    • 672 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Child Labor In China

    • 1408 Words
    • 6 Pages

    A complex social and political issue that has enrooted employment history for a long period of time; child labor is evolving into a new phenomenon that is having negative impacts on children all throughout the globe. Children involved with child labor can have several different paths to their occupation which can be determined by factors such as poverty, family’s economic status, history, health, and many others. Their work can have major implications such as social disadvantages, poor health, pitiable physical development, and lack of education. Lack of wages are also implemented into the child’s work life, hardly ever approaching minimum wage. Lack of current and future support such as benefits, retirement funds, or insurance, are attached…

    • 1408 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Iapt Essay

    • 5430 Words
    • 22 Pages

    Cooper, M. Hooper, C and Thompson, M. (2005). Child and adolescent mental health: Theory and practice. Edward Arnold, LTD.…

    • 5430 Words
    • 22 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Better Essays

    The information given in this article is very distressing. Dresen gives disheartening details to the lives of these children. Kids are abandoned by their families and left to provide for themselves. In one part of the article, Dresen provides specific examples of how some children became homeless:…

    • 1134 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Unit 2 Childcare Level 3

    • 1879 Words
    • 8 Pages

    * Lindon. J 2009, guiding the behaviour of children and young people: Hodder Education. (pg. 189)…

    • 1879 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    C. (2003, January 23). Social support and parenting in poor, dangerous neighborhoods. Child Development, 73, No 4, 1310-1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00473…

    • 1793 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Social Work Case Study

    • 2762 Words
    • 12 Pages

    Butler, I. Roberts, G. (2004). Social Work with Children and Families: Getting into Practice. 2nd Edition. . London. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.…

    • 2762 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Developmental Stages Paper

    • 2188 Words
    • 9 Pages

    Barker, R.G., Kounin, J. S. & Wright, H. F. (1943). Child behavior and development: A course of representative studies (pp. 621-636). New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill. viii, 652 pp.…

    • 2188 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Essay On Incarceration

    • 1077 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Living in poverty is an extreme strain on children whose mothers are imprisoned and fathers are not involved in their lives. They are affected by the stresses and strains of life in disadvantaged neighbourhoods, subsidized housing complexes with high crime rates, poor nutrition and an ever present sense of want. Growing up in the context of poverty is already a challenge, even without the added stress of…

    • 1077 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    References: Bassuk, Ellen L., Brooks, Margaret G., Buckner, John C. & Weinreb, Linda F. (1999). Homelessness and Its relation to the Mental Health and Behavior of Low-Income School-Age children. Developmental Psychology, 35, 246-257.…

    • 2371 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays