Sport Pre-Industrial britian

1.1 Research and describe the pastimes of the upper classes and landed gentry and investigate the reasons for their participation.

Pre-Industrial Britain was made up of two classes, the upper class and the lower class. Prior to the industrial revolution Britain was largely agricultural and rural, with limited travel available meaning that only the upper class were able to travel and way to communicate with different parts of the country besides messengers. Britain’s upper class lived a very sophisticated lifestyle, the aristocracy where very rich often through inherited money. Aside from their adolescent years where boys where scent to public schools and girls whereas educated in etiquette and what was to be expected of them as wives. Because of their inheritance and family land many of the upper class had no need to work, which lead to a huge gambling culture at the time that was strongly connected to sport.
Fox Hunting1

Fox hunting was one of the most popular and prestigious sports that then Gentry in pre-industrial Britain would partake in. Originating as a way of protecting livestock belonging to the gentry fox hunting developed into a popular sport and key part of the social life for the Gentry that was enjoyed not only by those who were involved directly with the hunt but many others in the local area.
Hounds, consisting mainly of foxhounds however beagles were commonly used, were trained to follow the scent of the responsible for damaging livestock whilst hunters followed on horseback following the pack tracking the fox, primarily to catch the fox but also to control and ensure they did not stray and maintained the hunt.
The thrill of the hunt as well as the prestigious attire those in the hunt would wear quickly saw fox-hunting develop into more of a social event. Fox hunting attire; hunting jackets, trouser, boots and hat, was expensive and the need for horses and land to hunt in made fox hunting a very exclusive sport that select few could afford to enjoy. Wealthy landowners games laws ensured that only the highest social groups had the right to hunt keeping fox hunting an entirely upper class sport.
Real Tennis2

Real Tennis, also known as royal tennis, is the original racquet sport from which the modern game of tennis originates. Originating in France real tennis was brought over to England in the fourteenth century; however it was Henry VIII that popularised the sport, building the Royal Court at Hampton Court Palace, in 1530 and various other courts in other of his palaces. The popularity of real tennis increased and it is believed that during the reign of James I there were 14 courts in London. Real tennis was an exclusive game that only the very wealthy had the privilege to play.
Real tennis is played on an indoor court with four irregularly sized walls, using pear-shaped, lopsided rackets to hit cloth balls that are much harder than those used in lawn tennis.’3 Real tennis courts had shelters on the side of the court for spectators to view from, often gambling large sums of money on the outcome of the match.

Archery4
Before becoming a sport archery was a vital skill needed for both hunting and combat. England has a long history of archery and its connection t during their involvement in war. Most commonly during the 100 year war with France, England relied on her armies skilled archers to provide victory in many battles, most notably The Battle of Agincourt. However it was not until the intention of firearms in the 15th century that archeries practice in combat diminished that archery became a popular sport for the Upper class and gentry. ‘General meetings were held from 1789, in which local lodges convened together to standardise the rules and ceremonies.’5
Archery was an upper class sport, which unusually both men and women could compete in. Due to the lack energy needed to participate women were deemed to be able to maintain ‘ladylike’ appearance whilst doing this so could compete. Because of this being one of the few sports they were able to compete in its popularity increased as it was one of the few ways for women to activity be involved in sport instead of simply observing. As popularity continued to increase as did competition, around the country events such as the Ancient Silver Arrow, originating in 1673 in Scorton Village, the oldest recorded annual sporting event still in practice began to emerge providing both competition and prizes.

Cricket6

Although it is unknown when cricket originated, a game similar to cricket being played in Kent can be found in Edward I’s household accounts in 1300. Cricket originated in South East England, as a result of short grass and download pastures. Cricket was particularly popular in Sussex, Kent, and London, and in the 18th century was being played by all both social classes. Wealthy patrons would employ local tradesmen and farmers for their ability to play and 1835 became the first sport with a standardised set of rules.
Cricket was immensely popular at public schools such as Winchester, Eton and Harrow providing an annual match known as ‘Gentlemen vs Player’ that was held at Lord’s from 1806-1963. The match consisted of ‘amateur’ Gentlemen from top Universities and schools facing semi-profession ‘Players’ in a match that topped the cricket calendar for years.

1.2- Research and describe the professional sporting activities, folk and mob games of the lower classes and investigate the reasons for their participation.

In pre-industrial Britain, life expectancy for lower class was just 35years old. Rural villages were isolated, towns grew at river crossings and ports such as Liverpool and Bristol The lower class population lived harsh simple lifestyle, usually very poor, illiterate and working long hours. . With many struggled to feed their families sporting events boosted moral and were and large sporting events were rare so large numbers joined in, making the most of these limited days. Much like the upper class gambling addiction was common with weekly incomes commonly gambled on the outcome of blood sports and prize fights.

In the lower class communities the Village Inn was a focal point. I was a place of employment, and the Landlord played an important role in organising and promoting activities and events for the community.

Mob Football7

Mob football, developed between the 7th and 9th centuries in Britain, is where the world’s most popular sport, football, originates from. However in comparison to today’s game there are few similarities, with no standardised rules or limits on time or players. In pre-industrial Britain mob football was very popular game however due to the lack of transport it was a very local game that was played according to a variety of rules throughout the country. Mob football was played both in the countryside and in the countries larger cities, with huge numbers of men competing. Due to the lack of rules and regulations, as well as the vast number of participants, mob football was a very violent game causes damage to the surrounding area, those involved and widespread chaos. This resulted in those living nearby barricading their windows during matches. This violence and chaos only increased its popularity, with large percentages of towns and villages involved in games.
However because of it violent nature only men competed with women and young children not getting involved.
Because of the large Christian influence the church had in Britain at the time, these sports where often played according to the Christian calendar with shrove Tuesday being an annual event when mob football was held signalling the start of lent.
Although not standardised rules, the general objective of mob football was for both “teams” to try and force a ball into the centre square of the enemy village, or if playing across different parts of town, forcing the ball into central area at a town square or market place.
During pre-industrial Britain as a result of the chaos and damage caused by the game many Kings and authorities tried to ban the practice of the game. King Edward II proclaimed ‘“there is a great noise in the city caused by hustling over large balls… we command and forbid on behalf of the King, on pain of imprisonment, such game to be used in the city future.”’8

Prize Fighting

Prize fighting, also known as bare knuckle boxing is one of the oldest known sports featuring as an Olympic sport in 688 B.C. ‘In 1681 there is a mention of a boxing match in the Protestant Mercury, a London newspaper.’9 Prize fighting became immensely popular due lower class families struggling financially there were many willing to risk their living to earn sums of money that couldn’t make any other way. Local prize fighter that were consistently successful not only where financially better of than most around them but also gained much status an respect in the community, the closest any sports starts in pre-industrial Britain where to celebrities.
The first great prize fighter was Jack Figg. Figg was an expert fencer and had retired decorated and unbeaten in 1730, and turned his attention to prize fighting winning countless fights and setting up one of the world’s first boxing academy.
After Figg died One of Figg’s pupils, Jack Broughton became the recognised prizefighting champion from 1729 to 1750. However the sport of prizefighting was refined in 1743 when Jack Broughton created the first draft of organized boxing rules. Previously fights lasted until one of the fighters could no longer continue. It was common for fight to last hours whereas after the introduction of Broughton’s rules, the bout ended when one fighter was knocked down and could not return to the fight within 30 seconds.
Cotswold Olimpick Games10
The Cotswold Olimpick Games is an annual multisport festival held in the Cotswolds of England. The Cotswold games were created by Robert Dover with the permission of King James I. Multisport festivals were popular with the lower class in pre-industrial Britain, as the events tested strength and bravery and violent contact sports. Popular events in the Cotswold games were shin kicking, tug of war, hammer throwing and wrestling. However after King James’ death in 1625 many landowners banned their workers from attending the festival as it would take place on a Sunday, and they disapproved of an social activities on Sundays. Another attraction of the festival for local working class would have been the drinking involved at such a festival and gambling that would have gone on with so many events taking place.

2.1. Identify the changes and examine their effects on working class sporting opportunity and provision due to the industrial revolution.
The history of sport in Britain can split into two distinctive periods: sport prior to the Industrial revolution and sport after it.
The industrial revolution took place between 1780 and 1850, causing a major development in society and how people in Britain lived. The industrial revolution was a time in Britain where major production methods changed, from hand production to mechanical production, increasing efficiency and output that boosted Britain’s economy. Simply, the industrial revolution was an increase in production brought about by the use of machines and characterised by the use of new technology sources.
The industrial revolution was characterised by three major technological developments; Textiles, Steam Production and the Production of Iron. The invention of the flying shuttle by John Kay dramatically increased the speed of weaving, which in turn created demand for yarn which lead to inventions such as the spinning jenny and the water frame. These machines increased the amount of product produced by factories to increase dramatically, resulting in these factories being able to afford more machinery that required more workers.
However the greatest technological development in the industrial revolution was the invention of the steam engine. As coal became the most predominant form of power in Britain, Britain’s coal miner continued to be mined deeper and deeper leading to greater risks of them flooding. Mines flooding was common in Britain, and at the time the best way of draining flooded mines, Horse-drawn pumps, were only able to do this to a maximum depth of around 90 feet. However in 1712, Thomas Newcomen invented the first successful steam engine, generating as much power as 20 horses, allowing for deeper mines to continue to run as it was now possible to drain them if they flooded. Although these first steam engines used an extortionate amount of coal, they were primarily based in coal mines where supply was practically limitless so was worthwhile at the time.
Although it was not until Scottish inventor James Watt developed a far improved and more efficient steam engine in 1769, adding a flywheel and crank allowing rotary motion. This far improved steam engine was able to produce four times more power than Thomas Newcomen’s original version and allowed for the machine to work continually something than Newcomen’s model was unable to do.
After this invention, it lead to developed transport system in Britain, with the steamboat and steam locomotive built soon after. These inventions allowed raw material and finished good to transported across the country in much larger than quantities than where able due to the limitation of horse-drawn wagons, the previous form of transportation. As well as goods, these inventions allowed people to travel the country with the Manchester and Liverpool railway becoming the first regular services for passengers.
Finally the production of iron was greatly important during the industrial revolution as it was used to improve both the machines and tools as well as a vital material in the production in building both ships and bridges.
Prior to the industrial revolution Britain had firmly based on agriculture, with many of the lower class workers, living in the countryside as farmers, working hard during the planting and harvesting seasons but also having long periods of time enjoy sports and other leisure events. However as factories developed factory owners required workers to accept long working hours, typically working from 7 in the morning till 7 in the night 6 days a week. Because factory costs where so high owners needed workers working on their machinery for as long as possible to reduce costs. But as these factories increased there were not enough workers in the local towns to maintain them, leading to owners having to employ worker living in the countryside, enticing them with higher wages and s better stand of living. The result however was much different than what they were promised. Higher wages also resulted in more hours spent working, and their new housing was considerably worse than before they moved. Because of great influx of people moving into these areas worker were forced into ‘slum’ accommodations apposed the vast space they enjoyed in the countryside.
Many of the pre-industrial sports these factory workers would have enjoyed such as mob football could no longer be played once moving into new urban environments, as lack of rules lead to games such as these being played across a whole village and there was no longer the space to practice such a sport. As more and more workers moved to the towns and cities for factory work they were forced to expand, so there was even less space for sports to take place. Also factory owners where against excessive drinking and violent sports as it effected their workers capability to work. After leaving their homes to gain work in these factories, workers couldn’t afford because of involvement in violent sports, accepting their employee’s demands not to play.
Another effect that the industrial revolution had on lower class sports was that due the large amount of hours they were working each week in the factories, workers had little energy to engage in contact sports. Although they would have Sunday’s off, it was regarded as a holy day, with any form of sporting activity, gambling or drinking prohibited. The Church’s strong influence on Britain at the time was a direct result that many relied on the church for charity so had to obey their rules.
Despite the industrial revolution, gambling was still extremely common in the Britain. Although not able to play many sports, many in the lower class would gather to gamble on blood sports such as cock fighting, dog fighting and ratting. However following’ the first animal-welfare legislation introduced in England in 1822, by Richard 'Humanity Dick' Martin,’11 the Royal Society for the Protection of Animals (RSPCA) was established in 1824 putting pressure on authorities to ban sports that involving cruelty to animals.
However sport for the lower class began to change in the 1840’s as the development of the railway lead to workers being able to travel to watch sports such as cricket and horse racing that would be located in the countryside. Additionally workers began to earn improved wages, giving them a higher disposable income that lead to an improvement in their diets and overall quality of life. Because of the lack of space in their area however as well as being able to afford it, this lead too many going to watch sporting events. As well as traveling to view sports in the countryside, as a result if the development of transport, many teams appeared in sports such as football and cricket that would travel to various different towns and cities to compete across the country.
This resulted in the codification of sport in the 1860’s in which nationally agreed rules, as beforehand towns would each play by separate rules. This codification of sport, began to change the factory workers opinions on lower class sport that resulted promoting the benefits of sport. Industrialists, many sons of factory owners that had been to public school and been involved in sports there, that saw sport as a way in which they could make their workers more productive, through values such as teamwork and loyalty.

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/indrevo.htm
3.1. Identify the key highlights in the development of one sport which influenced public awareness.
History of Football
Date
Event
Description
1280
Player killed during ball game
Records show a player killed after running into another player dagger on the opposite team. Importantly this is the first mention of an English ball game that involves kicking.

1331
Edward III bans football
Due to it’s increasing violence and popularity King Edward III bans football throughout England
1424
Football banned in Scotland
King James I of Scotland passes a law a law banning football throughout Scotland
1572
Elizabeth increases punishment for any playing football
Queen Elizabeth I set up laws that sentence anyone caught playing football to a week in jail as well penance in the church.
1605
Football legalised
Football is legalised after previously being banned in England.
1815
Eton play football
One of England’s most prestigious school Eton, begin to play football creating their own rules at Eton for the game.
1848

The Cambridge Rules are introduced.
A standardised set of rules are drawn up at Cambridge University, to allow different universities to compete against each other with one recognised set of rules.
1855
The Sheffield Rules are created.
Sheffield F.C, produce their own set of rules, used by Sheffield and other northern teams during the 60’s and 70’s.
1863
The Football Association is formed (The F.A)

The Football Association and Rugby Football split onto two different organizations.
The Cambridge and Sheffield rules are moulded into one official set of rules, also known as the ‘laws of the game’

Founding members of the F.A quit to create Rugby Football after rules about holding the ball were removed.
1864
Inaugural game using the new FA rules.
Morley's (the secretary of the F.A) team played a team selected by both the President of the FA (A. Pember) and the Secretary (E.C Morley) which was made up of a number well-known footballers of the day.
1869
The F.A Rules amended
The F.A rules are changed to exclude any handling of the ball.
1870
The first official international football match was played
Scotland and England, played in the first international football match at the Oval. The game resulted in a 0-0 draw.
1872
Wanderers win the first F.A Cup
Wanderers defeat the Royal Engineers to win the inaugural F.A Cup Final.
1874
Red Cards are introduced

Gameplay rules changed

The FA authorizes referees to send players off for certain offences.

Rules now require team teams to change ends at halftime.
1875
The crossbar is introduced
Crossbars are introducing replacing tape that was previously used to mark the top of the goal.
1883
Blackburn Olympic win F.A Cup Final
Blackburn Olympic, made up of mainly factory workers win the F.A cup final, being the first working class to team to win the F.A Cup in history.
1885
The first international match outside the U.K is played.

The Football Association legalises professionalism.
USA play Canada in Newark, NY, USA. The match finishes with Canada wining 1-0.

Prior to this teams were made up mainly up by those attending or who previously attended public school.
1888
The Football League is founded After professionalism was legalised, these professionals needed more regular matches to compete in. The Football League was created, the world’s first national football competition, with twelve founding members: Accrington, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers, Burnley, Derby County, Everton, Notts County, Preston North End, Stoke, West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanderers.

1894
Referee’s authority changed.
The F.A rule that referees are in complete control of the game.
1900
Football’s first appearance at the Olympics
Football is part of the 1990 Olympic Games held in Paris. Great Britian win the gold medal with runner up France winning the silver and Belgium winning the Bronze.
1902
Football League introduces a Second Division
A second division is created as consisting of: Ardwick (now Manchester City), Bootle, Burton Swifts, Crewe Alexandra, Darwen, Grimsby Town, Lincoln City, Northwich Victoria, Port Vale, Sheffield United, Small Heath (now Birmingham City), and Walsall.
1904
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) is formed.
Due to the increasing popularity of international fixtures. FIFA was founded in Paris on 21 May 1904.
1913
Free kick rule changed
Opposing players forced to stand at least ten yards away from a free kick.
1925
The Offside rule is changed
Players are now deemed onside, when at least two opposing players are between them and the goal line.
1928
La Liga is formed
The Spanish football league is formed consisting of ten teams; Real Madrid, Barcelona, Athletic Biblao, Athletico Madrid, Espanyol, Real Sociedad, Real de Santander, Arenas de Getxo, Real Inion and Europa.
1930
First FIFA World Cup
The inaugural FIFA World Cup, took place in Uruguay with 13 teams competing: Uruguay, Argentina, USA, Yugoslavia, Chile, Brazil, France, Romania, Paraguay, Peru, Belgium, Bolivia and Mexico. Uruguay beat Argentina in the final 4-2.
1932
Football removed from the Olympic Games
Football was taken off the program for the Olympic Games in Los Angeles, due to a controversy between FIFA and the International Olympic Comity over the definition of amateur as well as the reluctance of many countries to travel the USA because of the high costs.
1939
Shirt Number become compulsory
All teams must provide kits with shirt numbers on.
1949
The Superga air disaster
A plane carrying almost the entire Torino A.C. football team crashes, killing all 31 people on board, including 18 Torino players.
1953
England lose their first home match
England lose at home for the first time in a 6-3 defeat to Hungary.
1954
UEFA is formed
Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) is the administrative body for association football in Europe, and represent Europe’s nation football associations.
1955
First UEFA Champions League
A new competition for the top European football clubs organised by UEFA. In the inaugural competition 16 teams competed: Milan, AGF Aarhus, Anderlecht, Djurgarden, Gwardia Warszawa, Hibernian, Partizan, PSV, Rapid Wein, Real Madrid, Rot-Weiss Essen, Saarbrrucken, Servette, Sporting CP, Stada de Reims and Voros Lobogo with Real Madrid defeating Stade Reims 4-3 in the final.
1966
England Win the World Cup
England win their first World Cup at Wembley, beating West Germany in the Final 4-2.
1978
First black player to represent England.
Viv Anderson became the first black player to represent England in an international match.
1979
Britain’s first £1m transfer
Nottingham Forest sign Trevor Francis from Birmingham City in the first transfer to six figure transfer in British football’s history.
1989
Hillsborough Disaster
94 Liverpool fans die after being crushed at Hillsborough
1991
First Women’s World Cup
The inaugural Women’s World Cup, took place in China with 12 teams competing: Nigeria, China PR, Japan, Chinese Taipei, Brazil, New Zealand, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden and the USA. USA went on to win the competition beating Norway 2-1.
1993
Premiership naming rights
Carling purchase naming rights as it is known as the FA Carling Premiership
1995
First African World Player of the Year

The Bosman Ruling
George Weah is named FIFA World Player of the Year becoming the first African player to ever win the prize, after becoming the top scorer of the UEFA Champions League 1994–95 campaign.

The European Court of Justice ruled that players should be free to move when their contracts had expired. Previously a player could not leave unless his club agreed to let him go.
1999
Manchester United win the ‘Treble’
Manchester United become the first team in English football history to win the Champions League, The Premiership and the F.A Cup
2001
Premiership naming rights
Barclays Bank purchase naming rights as it is known as the Barclaycard Premiership
2006
Italian match fixing scandal
Italian champions Juventus and other major teams including AC Milan, Fiorentina, Lazio, and Reggina were accused of fixing match by selecting favourable referees. After an inquiry Juventus were stripped of the 2005 + 2006 Serie A titles and Juventus, Lazio and Fiorentina were relegated to Serie B as well as all receiving large fines.
2010
Goal line technology debate
In the 2010 World Cup, Frank Lampard shoots and the ball crosses the line however the goal is not given by the referee. The media and many fans appeal for goal line technology in football however this is rejected by FIFA
2013
Sir Alex Ferguson retires

Goal line technology announced for 2014 World Cup.
Sir Alex Ferguson retires as the most successful club manager in British football history with 49 career trophies including 2 champions league trophies and 13 premier league titles.

FIFA has announced that German company Goal Control GmbH will be the goal line technology provider for the 2014 World Cup finals.

3.2. Examine the positive and negative impact of the sport on society.
Football is the world most popular sport and the most participated sport in the U.K. Football has a massive effect on society, through media, attendance, participation and many other ways. Below I will discuss both the positive and negative impact that football has on current British society.
Positives impact of football on society
Negative impact on football on society
Because athletes appear in the media so much, particularly footballers, often they are looked up to as role models. This can have a positive impact on society as long as the footballers that people are aspiring to be like have qualities worth aspiring towards and it is those qualities that fans focus on. One footballer that is a good example of this is Michael Essien who has his own foundation to help and support children in Ghana. Essien works to help improve their quality of life providing clean water and toilets and many other essential to improve the wage they live. In 2011 donated a third of his wages to help children in Ghana improve their quality of life.

However due the amount of media coverage that footballers get, many people look up to certain footballers as role models that are poor examples. One major example of a footballer that is a bad role model is John Terry, who wsa found guilty by the F.A of racially abusing QPR defender Anton Ferdinand and punished with a four-match ban and £220,000 fine however was found not guilty of a racially aggravated public order offence when this matter was taken to court. This could easily give many people the opinion that footballers are ‘above the law’ like John Terry.

There are many health benefits that regular involvement in football has physically, mentally and socially. Football is a great was of improving your level of physically fitness as relies on lots of movement and running helping to maintain a healthy heart and lungs. Involvement in football is not only limited to 11-a-side matches however with lots of 5-a-saide facilities available for hire such as the Oval in Bebington. These facilities can be hired out by anybody and can be more physically taxing due to the smaller space and fewer players providing a good workout with the commitment of being a part of an 11-a-side league.
Not only can football improve you mental health it can also be a way of improving mental health. ‘Regular exercise can also boost your self-esteem and help you concentrate and feel better.’12
Because of the popularity of football fans follow their favourite clubs year in year out, often with whole families supporting the same team. However the price of merchandise is extremely high with adult football shirt released at £60 each and juniors £43, families struggle continually buy their teams merchandise to show support.
Similarly match tickets in the UK, with season tickets to Liverpool costing £725 for the cheapest and at Arsenal an astronomic £985, in comparison to the German Bundesliga where, Bayern Munich, the reigning champions league winners, charging just £104 for a season ticket.
Also football is a great to meet new people and make friends. Due to it being a team sport, football promotes teamwork, supporting those in your team and offering encouragement.
When playing football with a group a mutual interest is already and good relationship on the pitch can lead to strong friendships.
Another negative impact that football has on society is that it creates rivalries between entire cities as a result of their football clubs. Because of the popularity of football clubs many long lasting rivalries between clubs has descended to fans notably Liverpool and Manchester United fans. Also these rivalries can result in violence between fans, which was seen in the 2008 UEFA final clash between Rangers FC and Zenit St. Petersburg as drunk fans rioted in the centre of Manchester fighting each other as well as the police try to defuse the situation.
Because of the huge following that football has, it creates a vast number of job opportunities in multiple sectors. These can range from retail in stores that specialise in football equipment and merchandise such the Liverpool store, to journalism and photography as all the largest national papers have sport sections that cover all premier league matches. Selling tickets, programs and refreshments at football stadiums to career pathways through degrees in coaching, sport science, development of psychology.
Another negative impact football has on society is as a result of the huge amounts of money that professional football players are paid, although the economy is struggling with many dealing with unemployment. This can be seen at Manchester United where Wayne Rooney, currently earns a staggering £180,000 per week.
Maintaining regular participation in football can help develop many key skills that will be beneficial in all aspects of life. Communication is vital whilst playing football to support your teammates with information of their surrounding and options available to them but communication skills can help in work places and at home with family and relationships.
Punctually is vital in football for matches but again this skill can be developed and instilled through football however it will be beneficial in all areas in life.
Football, although the world’s most popular and broadcasted sport shows a great deal of inequality with women’s football barely making headlines of being broadcast whilst men’s football can be found every day in numerous bestselling newspapers. Instead of helping to destroy the stereotypes associated with women’s football the lack of coverage and support it receives only strengthens these views, which effects both professional women footballers and grass roots girls’ footballers.
There are many stereotypes attached to sport that have been there for years, women can’t play football, football players are uneducated. However football can help show how fictional these stereotypes are through professional footballers and the media coverage they gain showing them break these stereotypical views placed upon them. This can be seen by the likes of Glen Johnson who whilst playing for Liverpool is studying for his maths degree through open university.
Gambling has become a large part of football, and again it is only continuing to cause more people to struggle with this addiction during the current economy. During many Premier league match live odds are displayed during half time of the match both advertising encourage gambling further.
The popularity of football and coverage it receives means many young children aspire to grow up to play football. This can be helpful as there are many government run initiatives based on football that run to try to get kids of the streets. This is seen locally as Wirral council hire the Oval football facilities on a Friday night from 7 -9pm and allow young people up to the age of 18 to come along and participate in football tournaments run by them to provide them with something to do keeping them of the streets.
Due to the fact amount of money involved in football it can often be a very harsh business and injuries can end player careers before they have truly begun. This was seen publically when Dean Ashton, retired in 2009 aged 26 after being unable to recover from a long term injury sustained whilst representing England. Many lower profile cases of this happen regularly through clubs academy systems seeing players dropped and having nothing go back to with little or no qualifications.
As many look up to footballers as both role models and celebrities, this can be used positively to positively impact society by using popular football stars to help advertise for charities and public initiatives. One common way this can be seen in children in need through which footballers such as Wayne Rooney, Steven Gerrard, Frank Lampard and Rio Ferdinand have all been involved with to try and raise money for children in need.
Football can also display poor morals, such as cheating to achieve their desired result. Thierry Henry showed this when he deliberately handled the ball to assist William Gallas’ goal that qualified France for the 2010 World Cup. Many watching at home could be influenced by these actions that it is okay to cheat for you own personal gain which if that results in them acting in such a manner has a direct impact on society.

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