Sq3r Chapter 13

Chapter 13 SQ3Rs
13.1

Questions:

1) What are applied genetics?
2) How is selective breeding useful?
3) Explain the process of hybridization.
4) What are the dangers of inbreeding?
5) When doing a test cross, what are some things you must do?

Answers:

1) Applied genetics is using genetics to as a technology to further advance and improve life.
2) Selective breeding is used to get desired traits to later generations.
3) In the process of hybridization, which is a form of selective breeding, two organisms are bred together to get desired traits. They select traits that will give hybrid organisms a competitive edge, but there is a disadvantage, it is time consuming and expensive.
4) Harmful recessive traits also can
4) EcoRI is a restriction enzyme that is used widely by scientists. EcoRi specifically cuts DNA containing the sequence GAATTC. The ends of the DNA fragments created by ECORI are called sticky ends because they contain single-stranded DNA that is complementary.
5) An electric current is used to separate the DNA fragments according to the size of the fragments. DNA fragments are loaded on the negatively charged end of a gel. When the electric current goes through, DNA fragments move toward the positive end of the gel. Smaller fragments moved faster than the larger ones.
6) Recombinant DNA is created from joining two different fragments. In the process of studying recombinant DNA, large amounts of recombinant DNA are needed. The recombinant DNA is transferred into the bacterium through a carrier/vector. Plasmids and viruses are commonly used vectors. An enzyme, DNA ligase, joins the 2 DNA fragments chemically.
7) In gene cloning, the bacterial cells take up the recombinant plasmid DNA through a process called transformation. Bacterial cells can be transformed using electric pulsation or heat. The short electric pulse or a brief rise in temperature causes openings in the plasma membrane. The bacterial cells make copies of the recombinant plasmid DNA during cell
5) Bioinformatics is a field of study that involves creating and maintaining databases of biological information.
6) DNA Microarrays are tiny microscope slides or silicon chips that are spotted with DNA fragments. They can contain a few genes or all of the genes of the human genome.
7) Genetic disorders are borne when a variation in the DNA sequence occurs when a single nucleotide in the genome is altered is called single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs.
8) The HapMap project’s purpose is to create this catalog called the haplotype map. Assembling the HapMap involves indentifying grous of SNPs in a specific region of DNA. Once completed, the HapMap will describe what these variations are, people within populations in different parts of the world.
9) Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs. Like pharmacy genetics
10) Gene therapy is a technique aimed at correcting mutated genes that cause human diseases. Before it becomes an effective treatment, viral vectors that are nontoxic and do not activate a body’s defense reaction needs to be