Stages of Learning and Information Processing Theory
Basketball Research Report
[Type the document subtitle]
3/21/2014
18218
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 2
2.0 Stages of Learning 2/3
3.0 Information Processing Theory 3
4.0 Feedback 4
5.0 Conclusion 4
6.0 Appendices 5/6
7.0 Reference List 7
1.0 Introduction
Motor learning, particularly in the early stages of learning a skill, involves attempts by learners to acquire an idea of the movement, (Gentile, 1972) or understand the basic pattern of coordination (Newell, 1985). To achieve these goals, learners must acknowledge; the way their muscles work together, the subroutines of a skill, their individual practical learning process, and the way the human brain processes information. Basketball is a team sport in which two teams try to score points by shooting a basketball into the opponents’ hoop. It’s a fast-paced game, with skills consisting of dribbling, chest passes, pivoting, free shots and lay-ups. A lay-up is a shot at the hoop with particular precision to rebound the ball off the top right corner of the box. The intent of this essay is to observe and analyse my performance of a basketball lay-up by identifying my current stage of learning and relating it to the information processing theory, so that I can provide an appropriate level of feedback to improve my performance.
2.0 Stage of Learning
To this point, Fitts & Posner (1967) suggests that motor skill acquisition follows three stages: the cognitive stage, the associative stage, and the autonomous stage. The Cognitive Stage occurs when a beginning athlete is attempting to understand a basic skill. Individuals who are at the cognitive stage of learning are not always aware of what they did wrong, nor do they know how to correct errors. At this stage, the learner needs one or two simple instructions to concentrate on and a number of demonstrations of the correct skill. Too much instruction causes the learner frustration, due to information overload. (Posner, 1967) The
[Type the document subtitle]
3/21/2014
18218
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 2
2.0 Stages of Learning 2/3
3.0 Information Processing Theory 3
4.0 Feedback 4
5.0 Conclusion 4
6.0 Appendices 5/6
7.0 Reference List 7
1.0 Introduction
Motor learning, particularly in the early stages of learning a skill, involves attempts by learners to acquire an idea of the movement, (Gentile, 1972) or understand the basic pattern of coordination (Newell, 1985). To achieve these goals, learners must acknowledge; the way their muscles work together, the subroutines of a skill, their individual practical learning process, and the way the human brain processes information. Basketball is a team sport in which two teams try to score points by shooting a basketball into the opponents’ hoop. It’s a fast-paced game, with skills consisting of dribbling, chest passes, pivoting, free shots and lay-ups. A lay-up is a shot at the hoop with particular precision to rebound the ball off the top right corner of the box. The intent of this essay is to observe and analyse my performance of a basketball lay-up by identifying my current stage of learning and relating it to the information processing theory, so that I can provide an appropriate level of feedback to improve my performance.
2.0 Stage of Learning
To this point, Fitts & Posner (1967) suggests that motor skill acquisition follows three stages: the cognitive stage, the associative stage, and the autonomous stage. The Cognitive Stage occurs when a beginning athlete is attempting to understand a basic skill. Individuals who are at the cognitive stage of learning are not always aware of what they did wrong, nor do they know how to correct errors. At this stage, the learner needs one or two simple instructions to concentrate on and a number of demonstrations of the correct skill. Too much instruction causes the learner frustration, due to information overload. (Posner, 1967) The