Stamp Act Apush

Chapter 7 terms & Key Points
Admiralty Courts Stamp Act and Sugar Act offenses were tried in this court. Juries were not allowed and the burden of proof was on the defendant. All were assumed to be guilty until proven innocent. Trial by jury and innocent until proven guilty were basic rights that the British people everywhere had held dear.
Boston Port Act One such law was the Boston Port Act. It closed the Boston harbor until damages were paid and order could be ensured.
British East India Company If the company collapsed, the London government would lose much money. Therefore, the London government gave the company a full monopoly of the tea sell in America.
Committe of Correspondence Created by the American colonies in order to maintain
communication with one another. They were organized in the decade before the Revolution when communication between the colonies became essential.
Radical Whigs Second idea that shaped American political though derived from British political commentators. The Whigs feared that the liberty of the people was threatened by the whim of the monarch.
Republicanism Meant a just society was one in which all citizens subordinated their private, selfish interest to the common good.
Stamp Act Congress of 1765 Gathered in New York City, 27 delegates from nine colonies. The members debated and then drew up a statement of their rights and grievances and asked the king and Parliament to repeal the offensive legislation
Sugar Act of 1764 First law passed by Parliament that raised tax revenues in the colonies for the crown. It increased duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.
The Association The most important outcome of the Congress, It called for a complete boycott of British goods; nonimportation, non-exportation, and non-consumption.
"Champagne Charley" Townshend minister whose clever attempt to impose import taxes nearly succeeded, but eventually brewed more trouble for Britain
Admiralty Court hated British courts in which juries were not allowed and defendants were assumed guilty until proven innocent (aka military court)
Advantage the colonies enjoyed in conflict with Britain fighting defensively on a large, agriculturally self-sufficient continent; home field advantage
Baron von Steuben organizational genius who turned raw colonial recruits into tough professional soldiers
Boston Tea Party Event organized by disguised "Indians" to sabotage British support of a British East India Company monopoly; British responded by closing the port of Boston until damages were paid and order was restored; prompted passage of the Intolerable Acts, including the Boston Port Act
Boycott effective form of organized colonial resistance against the Stamp Act, which made homespun clothing fashionable
Committees of correspondence underground networks of communication and propaganda, established by Samuel Adams, which sustained colonial resistance
Continental paper money paper currency authorized by Congress to finance the Revolution that depreciated to near worthlessness
Crispus Attucks alleged African American leader of radical protesters killed in Boston Massacre
Enumerated goods term for products, such as tobacco, that could be shipped only to England and not to foreign markets
First Continental Congress body led by John Adams that issued a Declaration of Rights and organized The Association to boycott all British goods
George Grenville British minister who raised a storm of protest by passing the Stamp Act
George III stubborn ruler, lustful for power, who prompted harsh ministers like Lord North
Hessians German mercenaries hired by George III to fight the American revolutionaries
Intolerable Acts harsh measures of retaliation for a tea party most important action Continental Congress took to protest this was forming The Association to impose a complete boycott of all British goods
John Hancock wealthy president of the Continental Congress and "King of the Smugglers"
Lord North British parliamentary gov't head at time of American Revolution
Marquis de Lafayette nineteen-year-old major general in the Revolutionary army
Mercantilism European powers governed their overseas colonies which held that colonial economy should be carefully controlled to serve the mother country's needs enforced restrictions on colonial manufacturing, trade, and paper currency
Minute men rapidly mobilized colonial militiamen whose refusal to disperse sparked the first battle of the Revolution
Navigation laws set of Parliamentary laws, first passed in 1650, that restricted colonial trade and directed it to benefit Britain
Nonimportation policies against the Stamp Act; politically important b/c it aroused revolutionary fervor among many ordinary American men and women
Quartering Act legislation that required colonists to feed and shelter British troops; disobeyed in New York and elsewhere
Quebec Act aroused intense American fears b/c it extended Catholic jurisdiction (guaranteeing free practice) and a non-jury judicial system into the western Ohio country (Canada)
Red coats popular term for British regular troops, scorned as "lobster backs" and "bloody backs" by Bostonians and other colonials
Roman Catholic religion that was granted toleration in the trans-Allegheny West by the Quebec Act, arousing deep colonial hostility
Samuel Adams zealous defender of the common people's rights and organizer of underground propaganda committees; architect of American Revolution (mainly by manipulation)
Sons and Daughters of Liberty male and female organizations that enforced the nonimportation agreements, sometimes by coercive means
Stamp Act legislation passed in 1765, repealed the next year after colonial resistance made it impossible to enforce; greeted in the colonies by the nonimportation agreements, the Stamp Act Congress, and the forced resignation of stamp
agents
The Association an effective organization created by the First Continental Congress to provide total, unified boycott of all British goods
Thomas Hutchinson British governor of Massachusetts whose stubborn policies helped provoke the Boston Tea Party
Townshend Acts tax on tea and other products; colonists especially hated these taxes b/c its revenues would go to support British officials and judges in America; colonial resistance caused British troops to be stationed in Boston
Virtual representation British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans, even if they did not vote for its members
Whigs British political party opposed to Lord North's Tories and generally more sympathetic to the colonial cause
African Americans in the Revolutionary War fought with whom?
Fought in both the American patriot and British loyalist military forces
What led Grenville to propose the Sugar Act, Quartering Act, and Stamp Act? Large British debt incurred defending the colonies in the French and Indian War.
What led to a gradual development of a colonial sense of independence years before the revolution? America's distance from Britain and the growth of colonial self-government.
What precipitated the Battle of Lexington and Concord? British attempt to seize the colonial militia's gunpowder supplies.
What precipitated the first real shooting btw the British and American colonists? British attempt to seize colonial supplies and leaders at Lexington and Concord.
What resulted in the printing of large amounts of paper currency and skyrocketing inflation? Continental Congress's reluctance to tax Americans for
war.
What spurred patriots to stage the Boston Tea Party? British government's attempt to maintain the East India Company's sea monopoly.
Fearing that it was trick to pay more taxes on tea, the Americans rejected the tea. When the ships arrived in the Boston harbor, the governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson, forced the citizens to allow the ships to unload their tea.
Britain was not only worried about American rebellion, but also possible revolts in Ireland and a war with France