Stu-dying everywhere

Radelle Mendaros Grade VIII-Silver English

1.)KINDS OF SENTENCES

☁ DECLARATIVE SENTENCE- Is used to make a statement of fact, wish, intent, or feeling. ex. I have seen that movie twice. ex. I wish I could go on the picnic.

☁IMPERATIVE SENTENCE-is used to state a command, request, or direction. The subject is always "You," even though it may not be expressed in the sentence. ex. (You) Be on time for dinner. ex. (You) Open the window, please.

☁INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE- is used to ask a question. It is followed by a question mark. ex. Do you have a sweater? ex. Are you having a bad day?

☁EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE- is used to express strong feeling. It is followed by an exclamation point. ex. Don't burn yourself out! ex. Keep out!

2.)BASIC SENTENCE-PATTERN

✔ S-IV PATTERN-Made up of a subject and verb plus any modifiers there is no complement or completer;therefore, the verb is intransitive. ex. S(Traditions) IV(exist) ex.S(She) reads IV(silently)

✔S-TV-DO PATTERN-Made up of a subject and a verb and a direct object.The verb is transitive because it is acting upon an object directly. ex. S(The Filipino) TV(had) oral DO(traditions) ex.S(She) TV(gave) DO(a lecture)

✔S-LV-C PATTERN-The third pattern is composed of a subject,linking verb and complement.It uses the verb “be” and all its forms; be,is,am,are,was,were,been,being. ex.S(The poems) LV(were) C(incantations) ex.S(The chandelier) LV(is) C(pretty)

✔S-TV-IO-DO PATTERN-Consists of a subject,a verb,an indirect object, and a direct object. ex.S(The book) TV(gave) IO(them) magic DO(formulas) ex.S(Kelly) TV(bought) her IO(sister) a DO(toy)

✔S-TV-DO-OC PATTERN-Consist of a subject,a verb,direct object and objective complement.The objective complement ,which is either a noun that renames the direct object or an adjective that describes the direct object. ex.S(They) TV(considered) DO(Dr.Rizal) OC(wise.) ex.S(They) TV(made) DO(the venue) OC(prettier)

✔V-S PATTERN-V stands for TV,IV, or LV.The subject comes after the verb.Usually uses there and it. ex.There LV(is) a S(Chinese) in that store. ex.There LV(was) a S(Filipino) near the door.

3.)WHAT IS AN INFORMATIVE ARTICLE
- An informative article informs the reader by explaining and giving details on a given topic. The informative article is not an argumentative article that tries to persuade the reader to one side or the other. It covers all the pertinent details: who, what, when, where and why. Newspaper reporting uses informative articles; how-to articles represent another category.

✎Sample Informative Article
“Mike Wazowski won the Monsters University scaring competition last 9th of July 2014 at the Monsters University Dome.Because of his inborn ability to scare,and their talents, he won without much effort.”

✎TIPS ON WRTITING AN INFORMATIVE ARTICLE
✍Write about what you really know. Before writing, do a search and find out some more details to polish your knowledge on the selected topic. You can find details about anything on the interent, using a search engine

✍ Please remember the vital point that many of your readers already know more details than you about the topic you are writing. Therefore, write about the topic you have sufficient knowledge.

✍ People will be more interested to know how you sorted out a particular problem when you had faced one. A well written article about solving your own problem will be more useful to the readers. Many of them would've faced the simialr problem and your information will be of immense help to them.

✍ Remember to leave enough white space in between your paragraphs. You may wonder why should it be? Reading the matter on the monitor is different from reading on the printed page. It causes eye strain and for some people neck pain also.

✍ Try to write small paragraphs, which is easy to read. Most of the people will be just scanning the matter within a short time. Therefore, the smaller the paragraph the easier to read.

The Story of the Aged Mother

6.)What are the Japanese Values depicted in the story?

☀The Japanese values that are depicted in the story are that,the elders are the most reepected and should be respected.Because,they have been through a lot in life,and they have a lot more knowledge on how to handle certain circumstances in the everyday lives of people.

7.)Research about Japanesese and Chinese Traditions

Traditions
Many Japanese traditions stem from their deep roots in religions. Two main religions dominate the Japanese culture: Buddhism and Shintoism.
Buddhism
History:
Buddhism was brought to Japan from China in the early 6th century and was established as a national religion by Prince Shotoku. The Japanese were attracted to Buddhism because it carried with it the ideas of a unified nation and equality among people. It began to help Japan work towards an altruistic society and presented a unified state rather than individual uji or clans. Health and protection were concrete benefits of Buddhism that were greatly appealing to the Japanese.

Practices:
Buddhist practices and beliefs in Japan stemmed from practices in China and were very similar to those in China. Buddhist teachings came from the Sutras and from the Vinaya—rules for monastic life. The “Buddhacharita” or “Acts of the Buddha” is a mix of historical information and religious instruction that helped structure the religion’s beliefs.

Four Noble Truths (Content of the first sermon of the Buddha)
✯Life is full of sorrow because it is inevitably associated with sickness, old age, and death.
✯Sorrow is due to craving—happy moments are always fleeting and you can never rely on them.
✯Sorrow can only be stopped by ceasing craving.
✯ Ceasing craving can only be done by the eight-fold path that leads out of suffering. The Five Precepts (The simplest form of Buddhist morality that was intended for the leifolk, not monks and nuns.)
✯No killing
✯No stealing
✯No lying
✯No sexual misconduct
✯No use of intoxicants
Shintoism
Japanese culture, while on the cutting edge, is also a very primitive culture that we learn about through archeological sources, written sources, Chinese, and contemporary practices. What is known about Shinto beliefs has been learned through today’s practices.
Practices:
Shintoism believes in kami or spirits that are anything out of the ordinary or awe-inspiring. There are four types of kami in Japanese society:
✯Nature Kami (sun goddess and the star goddess) are the most common.
✯Kami that protect the uji
✯Hero kami (great marshal men, scholars, and poets
✯Kami of locales (areas that kami presided over) According to Shinto beliefs, when bad things happen they are due to unhappy kami and so they use rituals to appease the kami. These rituals have four components:
✯Purification- before one can approach the sacred a cleansing process must be completed
✯Offerings- gifts for the kami such as cloth, water, food, and dance are expected at a ritual ceremony
✯Prayer- the recital of magic, certain words and sounds that are repeated again and again
✯Sacred Meal- a communal meal is eaten after the ritual is performed to promote health and healing
Japanese Tea Ceremony
History:
The Japanese Tea Ceremony is a cultural tradition that originated in China. The tea was considered medicine that promoted physical and spiritual health and was consumed for enjoyment purposes primarily. The spiritual aspect involves harmony between the persons participating in the ceremony, respect for those involved in the ceremony, and purity. These three aspects bring tranquility to those who participate in the tradition.
The Ceremony: Before the ceremony begins the host cleans the serving bowls, boils water, prepares a sweet treat for the guests, and then mixes the tea.

The tea is a bitter green tea called Matcha and when mixed with water it creates a warm bitter taste. The combination of the bitter and sweet compliment each other and are a sign of harmony. Proper Behavior ✯When you recieve your chawan--cup of tea--you should bow
✯Take the tea with your right hand and place it in the palm of your left hand
✯Turn the chawan clockwise three times before you take a drink
✯When the tea is gone, make a loud slurp to show the host that the tea was truly enjoyed
✯Wipe the part of the chawan your lips touched with your right hand
✯Turn the chawan counterclockwise and return it to the host
Japanese Theater
Noh Drama Noh drama is rigidly traditional Japanese drama which in it's present form dates back to the early 14th century. Noh plays are short dramas combining music, dance, and lyrics, with a highly stylized ritualistic presentation.
Kabuki Drama
Kabuki drama combined elements of no drama and folk theater. Dance was the basis of performances and the musical dance dramas that developed revolved around stories that were romantic and often erotic performed by women. It was then decided that they were too erotic to be performed by women and men’s troupes were formed to impersonate the women and do the performances.
These small exerps on Japanese Theater were taken from Professor Steve Timm's History of Theater class at DePauw University.
Holidays
The Japanese New Year Celebration (January 1-15)
In Japan, the celebration of the New Year is the most significant and important holiday. During this time they begin the New Year with a clean slate, spend time with family and friends and prepare for the events of the New Year.
Preparation:
In preparation for the New Year the Japanese clean their houses thoroughly, discard of any items that are not needed any more and pay all outstanding debts so that they are able to start the New Year anew.
✯Repairs to the house are made
✯Old items in need of replacement are replaced
✯When the cleaning is finished members of the household take a hot bath to finish the cleansing process

After the cleaning, houses are decorated with straw ropes and pine bough that is burned in a ceremonial bonfire at the end of the New Year’s celebration.
Celebration:
✯For the first three days of the New Year businesses are closed and the time is used to visit family and friends.
✯The first day of the New Year is a day to give thanks for the events of the past and pray for the future.
✯The arrival is announced to the country by all of the bells of the Buddhist temples.
✯The second day is a ritual commencement to the arts and crafts of ones favorite pursuit.
Ritual:
✯Another ritual of the New Year revolves around the dream of the second night of the year (it is not the dream of the first night because that night is too filled with spirits). The desired dream is of a boat bringing wealth to one’s family.

✯This is also the time in Japan where cards are sent to family members and friends, sharing with them stories of the past year and wishing them the best in the New Year.

Coming of Age Day—January 15
In keeping with a time honored tradition, the Japanese have a ceremony for every young person who turns 20 over the year. The heads of local government give ceremonial speeches to celebrate and commemorate the occasion. The holiday was created in 1948 because at the age of 20 in Japan young people receive the right to vote, drink, and smoke but they are also considered adults and must uphold the responsibilities of an adult.

Shunbun no Hi/ Higan no Chu-Nichi (Vernal Equinox Day and Autumnal Equinox)
The celebration of the equinoxes has it’s origin in a celebration of the changing of the seasons which reflects the agricultural nature of Japanese society. On these two days many Japanese families visit the tombs of deceased family members and pay their respects. They weed the tombs and place fresh flowers at the grave sites. Christmas Celebrations
History:
✯Since World War II about half of the households in Japan have begun to celebrate Christmas
Traditions:
✯The Japanese traditionally celebrate with a Christmas cake called a decoration cake. The cake is made by bakeries and ordered very far in advance of the Christmas holiday.
✯Santa Claus is a figure in their Christmas traditions and is called “Grandfather Santa Claus”
✯Japanese children hang their stockings to be filled by Santa Claus by the bathtub because believe they that Santa Claus comes down the pipes.
In decorating their homes the Japanese generally have sparsely decorated trees that do not serve as a center of attention during the season.
✯The parties at Christmas time differ from other parties in the masculine dominated society because women are allowed to come and revel with the men. Christmas is seen as a more democratic holiday because it is geared towards both sexes and not of religious origins.
✯While Christmas is celebrated by many Japanese families it is viewed more as a time to give and receive presents rather than a religious holiday because so few Japanese families are Christian.

CHINESE TRADITIONS

The teachings of Confucius — which stress obedience and deference to elders and responsibility to community — are a dominant part of the Chinese culture. The country is extremely large, so customs and traditions vary by geography and the more than 50 ethnic groups that reside in this country of 1.34 billion people. Here is a brief overview of Chinese culture.
Religion
Because China is a communist state, there is no official religion and more than half of the population claims no religious affiliation or identifies as atheist. About a quarter of the people practice Taoism and Confucianism and other traditional religions. There are also small numbers of Buddhists, Muslims and Christians. Although numerous Protestant and Catholic ministries have been active in the country since the early 19th century, they have made little progress in converting Chinese to these religions.
Language
There are seven main dialects of Chinese — Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka, Wu, Min, Xiang and Gan. Pŭtōnghuà, the type of Mandarin based on the speech in the capital Beijing, is the official national language of mainland China. Many Chinese are also fluent in English. The written language is symbol-based.
Food
Like other aspects of Chinese life, cuisine is heavily influenced by geography and ethnic diversity. Among the main styles of Chinese cooking are Cantonese, which features stir-fried dishes, and Sezchuan, which relies heavily on use of peanuts, sesame paste and ginger and is known for its spiciness.
The Chinese word for rice is fan, which also means meal, and it is a staple of their diet, as are bean sprouts, cabbage and scallions. Because they do not consume a lot of meat — occasionally pork or chicken — tofu is a main source of protein for the Chinese.

Tea is the beverage of choice.
Arts
Chinese art is greatly influenced by the country’s rich spiritual and mystical history. Many sculptures and paintings depict spiritual figures of Buddhism.
Many musical instruments are integral to Chinese culture, including the flute-like xun and the guqin, which is in the zither family. The country’s musical history dates back to the beginning of its existence.
Eastern-style martial arts were also developed in China, and it is the birthplace of kung fu, which translates to human achievement.
Ancient Chinese were avid writers and philosophers — especially during the the Ming and Qing dynasties — and that is reflected in the country’s rich liturgical history.
Customs and celebrations
The largest festival — also called the Spring Festival — marks the beginning of the lunar new year. It falls between mid-January and mid-February and is a time to honor ancestors. During the 15-day celebration, children receive money in red envelopes for good luck and people thoroughly clean their homes to signify a fresh beginning. The holiday is marked fireworks and parades with dancers dressed as dragons.
Many people make pilgrimages to Confucius' birthplace in Shandong Province on his birthday, Sept. 28. The birthday of Guanyin, the goddess of mercy, is observed by visiting Taoist temples. It falls between late March and late April. Similar celebrations mark the birthday of Mazu, the goddess of the sea (also known as Tianhou), in May or June. The Moon Festival is celebrated in September or October with fireworks, paper lanterns and moon gazing.

Characteristics of Indian Literature
There are three observable characteristics of Indian Literature.
1. Indian literature is based on piety, a deeply religious spirit.
The oldest know literature in India is the Vedas. According to Hindu tradition, the Vedas are apauruṣeya “not of human agency”, are supposed to have been directly revealed, and thus are called śruti (“what is heard”). This contains hymns and prayers for gods.
Indians believe that a knowledge of gods and a strong belief in Hinduism is necessary to save mankind.
2. Indian literary masterpieces are written in epic form, corresponds to the great epochs in the history of India.
The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are the most important epics of India; the latter is the longest epic in the world.
3. Medieval Indian literature the earliest works in many of the languages were sectarian, designed to advance or to celebrate some unorthodox regional belief.
Examples are theCaryapadas in Bengali, Tantric verses of the 12th century, and the Lilacaritra (circa 1280), in Marathi
10.)Research about Conditionals;Coordinating Conjunctions;Subordinating Conjunctions

Conditional sentences are sentences expressing factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are so called because the validity of the main clause of the sentence is conditional on the existence of certain circumstances, which may be expressed in a dependent clause or may be understood from the context.
A full conditional sentence (one which expresses the condition as well as its consequences) therefore contains two clauses: the dependent clause expressing the condition, called the protasis; and the main clause expressing the consequence, called the apodosis. An example of such a sentence (in English) is the following:
Conditional clause
Main clause
1. If + Present Tense will + inf / present tense / imperative
✯ If you help me with the dishes (if + pres),
I will help you with your homework. (will + inf)
✯If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three, the number is divisible by three (Pres. tense)
✯If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).
2. If + Past Tense would + inf
3. If + Past Perfect Tense would have + past participle
We do not normally use will or would in the conditional clause, only in the main clause.

Uses of the Conditional
First conditional
✯Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible.
✯Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.
e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.
If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.

Second conditional
✯Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.
✯Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.
e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.
If I were you, I would tell my father.
Compare: If I become president, I will change the social security system. (Said by a presidential candidate)
If I became president, I would change the social security system. (Said by a schoolboy: improbable)
If we win this match, we are qualified for the semifinals.
If I won a million pounds, I would stop teaching. (improbable)
Third conditional
✯Nature: unreal
✯Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)
e.g. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.(But you didn't, and I have).

Coordinating Conjunctions
The short, simple conjunctions are called "coordinating conjunctions": and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
A coordinating conjunction joins parts of a sentence (for example words or independent clauses) that are grammatically equal or similar. A coordinating conjunction shows that the elements it joins are similar in importance and structure:

Look at these examples - the two elements that the coordinating conjunction joins are shown in square brackets [ ]:
I like [tea] and [coffee].
[Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].
Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
When a coordinating conjunction joins independent clauses, it is always correct to place a comma before the conjunction:
I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying Russian at university.
However, if the independent clauses are short and well-balanced, a comma is not really essential:
She is kind so she helps people.
When "and" is used with the last word of a list, a comma is optional:
He drinks beer, whisky, wine, and rum.
He drinks beer, whisky, wine and rum.

Subordinating Conjunctions
The majority of conjunctions are "subordinating conjunctions". Common subordinating conjunctions are: after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while
A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate (dependent) clause to a main (independent) clause:
Look at this example: main or independent clause subordinate or dependent clause
Ram went swimming although it was raining.

subordinating conjunction A subordinate or dependent clause "depends" on a main or independent clause. It cannot exist alone. Imagine that somebody says to you: "Hello! Although it was raining." What do you understand? Nothing! But a main or independent clause can exist alone. You will understand very well if somebody says to you: "Hello! Ram went swimming."
A subordinating conjunction always comes at the beginning of a subordinate clause. It "introduces" a subordinate clause. However, a subordinate clause can sometimes come after and sometimes before a main clause. Thus, two structures are possible:

Ram went swimming although it was raining.

Although it was raining, Ram went swimming.