Student
Student Name: Mr Victor Lehlohonolo Nchabeng
Topic: Analyse the debate around the concepts “Community and “Community development”.
Student Number: 44549830
Assignment Number: 02
Contents
1. Introduction 3
2. Historical Background 4
3. Definition of concepts 5
4. Debates around the concepts of community and community development 6
5. Theories emerged out of the concepts of community and community development 7
6. Conclusion 8
References 9
1. Introduction
This essay attempts to give analysis of much debated concepts of community and community development; its interpretation, meaning and historical background which can be traced from the late 18th Century and lastly its evolution in late 1940s.
This essay will draw the early history of community development with recent introduced themes and approaches such as sustainable livelihoods approach, basic needs approach and others, tracing this much debated theory in the mid-19th century in the United States of America, while another traces its origin in the early 20th century and how the modern society in much globalised and democratic 21st Century the governments of the world have been able to implement or roll out the idea behind the much debated concepts.
2. Historical Background 3.1 Brief History of Community Development
Community development practice has arisen from a variety of sources and settings. Its roots can be traced to the social reform movement in Britain and North America in the latter half of the 18thcentury. Community development principles were formulated and applied in third world development efforts following decolonization. In the 50 's and 60 's CD or community organization, as it came to be called, was used in deprived or underdeveloped urban and rural settings in North America (Smith, 1979: 52). CD was a response to the perceived disintegration of society due to rapid technological change, economic dislocations, disruption in traditional family and community structures and the
Topic: Analyse the debate around the concepts “Community and “Community development”.
Student Number: 44549830
Assignment Number: 02
Contents
1. Introduction 3
2. Historical Background 4
3. Definition of concepts 5
4. Debates around the concepts of community and community development 6
5. Theories emerged out of the concepts of community and community development 7
6. Conclusion 8
References 9
1. Introduction
This essay attempts to give analysis of much debated concepts of community and community development; its interpretation, meaning and historical background which can be traced from the late 18th Century and lastly its evolution in late 1940s.
This essay will draw the early history of community development with recent introduced themes and approaches such as sustainable livelihoods approach, basic needs approach and others, tracing this much debated theory in the mid-19th century in the United States of America, while another traces its origin in the early 20th century and how the modern society in much globalised and democratic 21st Century the governments of the world have been able to implement or roll out the idea behind the much debated concepts.
2. Historical Background 3.1 Brief History of Community Development
Community development practice has arisen from a variety of sources and settings. Its roots can be traced to the social reform movement in Britain and North America in the latter half of the 18thcentury. Community development principles were formulated and applied in third world development efforts following decolonization. In the 50 's and 60 's CD or community organization, as it came to be called, was used in deprived or underdeveloped urban and rural settings in North America (Smith, 1979: 52). CD was a response to the perceived disintegration of society due to rapid technological change, economic dislocations, disruption in traditional family and community structures and the
References: Bradshaw, J (1999) ‘Comparing Child Poverty’, Poverty, Journal of the Child Poverty Action Group, No 104, Autumn Cannan, C (2000) ‘The environmental crisis, Greens and community development’,Community Development, Journal, vol 35, no 4, October, pp 365-76 Howarth, C, Kenway, P, Palmer, G & Miorelli, R (1999) Monitoring Poverty and Social Exclusion 1999, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation/New Policy Institute Ledwith, M (2005) Community Development: A critical approach, Bristol: Policy Press Regan, C. 2006 80:20. Development in an equal world. Birmingham: 80:20 Educating and acting for a better world. Shaw, M (2004) Community Work: Policy, Politics and Practice, Hull: Universities of Hull and Edinburgh Shor, I (1992) Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change, London/Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press