study guide
Final Exam Study Guide
1.) How do behavioral psychologists view personality organization?
The key assumption underlying behavioral approaches to therapy is that the behaviors seen in psychological problems develop through the same laws of learning that influence the development of other behaviors. Behaviorists see personality problems in personality development and most behavior disorders not as things people have but as reflections of how the laws of learning have influenced particular people to behave in particular situations. Our understanding of these laws of learning had emerged from research on classical operant conditioning as well as on observational learning.
Classical Conditioning:
Operant Conditioning: Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. Skinner believed that internal thoughts and motivations could not be used to explain behavior. Instead, he suggested, we should look only at the external, observable causes of human behavior
Observational Learning:
2.) What instruments/information do behaviorists favor? Behavior therapist are likely to use objectively scored quanitative assessment methods such as structured interviews, objective psychological tests and a variety of behavioral rating forms. Used to figure nature of clients problems and also to establish an empirical baseline level of maladaptive responding. BIG on RESEARCH !!
3.) Role of therapist: therapist recognize the importance of the therapeutic relationship and show empathy and supportive response to client. Client/therapist relationship offers specific techniques to promote change. –Client makes changes in environment (Reducing exposure to triggers.) – internal responses ( by learning relaxation to lower levels of arousal) – overt behaviors ( by practicing
1.) How do behavioral psychologists view personality organization?
The key assumption underlying behavioral approaches to therapy is that the behaviors seen in psychological problems develop through the same laws of learning that influence the development of other behaviors. Behaviorists see personality problems in personality development and most behavior disorders not as things people have but as reflections of how the laws of learning have influenced particular people to behave in particular situations. Our understanding of these laws of learning had emerged from research on classical operant conditioning as well as on observational learning.
Classical Conditioning:
Operant Conditioning: Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. Skinner believed that internal thoughts and motivations could not be used to explain behavior. Instead, he suggested, we should look only at the external, observable causes of human behavior
Observational Learning:
2.) What instruments/information do behaviorists favor? Behavior therapist are likely to use objectively scored quanitative assessment methods such as structured interviews, objective psychological tests and a variety of behavioral rating forms. Used to figure nature of clients problems and also to establish an empirical baseline level of maladaptive responding. BIG on RESEARCH !!
3.) Role of therapist: therapist recognize the importance of the therapeutic relationship and show empathy and supportive response to client. Client/therapist relationship offers specific techniques to promote change. –Client makes changes in environment (Reducing exposure to triggers.) – internal responses ( by learning relaxation to lower levels of arousal) – overt behaviors ( by practicing