Study Guide: Intro to Zoology

Zoology Study Guide Test 1: Chapters 1-5
Chapter 1: Intro and Animal Evolution
• Know the various fields of Zoology- Herpetology- the study of reptiles and amphibians Ornithology- the study of birds Entomology- the study of insects, Ichthyology- the study of fish Mammalogy- the study of mammals
• Scientific Method as applied to Zoology o Scientific Method
 Observation
 Question
 Hypothesis
 Empirical Test
 Conclusions
 Publication/Peer Reviewed
• Be able to expound upon the five theories of evolution as proposed by Darwin o Perpetual Change
 All other theories are based on this theory.
 States that the living world is neither constant nor perpetually cycling, but is always changing.
 Characteristics of organisms undergo changes across generations
 Gained acceptance when Darwin advocated it in his other four theories
 Perpetual change is clearly documented by the fossil record, which clearly refutes any claim that modern organisms originated in the recent past
 Perpetual change is regarded as fact o Common Descent
 States that all forms of life originated from a common ancestor, whose lineages branched off.
 Opposition to this theory, which states that differing life forms arose independently and descended to the present in linear, unbranched genealogies, is refuted by comparative studies of organismal form, cellular structure, and macromolecular structure (such as DNA)
 Confirms that life’s history has the structure of a branching evolutionary tree (phylogeny).
 Species who share a recent common ancestor, such as in the last 7 million years, share more features with each other than those who branched off hundreds of millions of years earlier
 This theory guides ongoing research to reconstruct life’s phylogeny using patterns of similarity and dissimilarity
 Resulting phylogeny provides the basis for our taxonomic classification of animals o Multiplication of Species
 States that evolution produces new