Summary: Anatomical Overview Of Liver
2LIVER
Anatomical overview
What is liver?
The whole liver together weighs 3-4 pounds. It is from a light pink to a dark red color. The liver is located right below the heart. The liver is a very big organ. The liver and gallbladder are responsible for a number of functions. One of the main functions is to help in digestion. The largest solid organ in the body, situated in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side. The liver has a multitude of important and complex functions, including to manufacture proteins, including albumin (to help maintain the volume of blood) and blood clotting factors; to synthesize, store, and process fats, including fatty acids (used for energy) and cholesterol; to metabolize and store …show more content…
carbohydrates (used as the source for the sugar in blood); to form and secrete bile that contains bile acids to aid in the intestinal absorption of fats and the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K; to eliminate, by metabolizing or secreting, the potentially harmful biochemical products produced by the body, such as bilirubin, from the breakdown of old red blood cells and ammonia from the breakdown of proteins; and to detoxify, by metabolizing and/or secreting, drugs, alcohol, and environmental toxins.
PATIENT PROCEDURE
1.Ablation: Removal or excision. Ablation is usually carried out surgically. For example, surgical removal of the thyroid gland (a total thyroidectomy) is ablation of the thyroid.
2.Antibody: An immunoglobulin, a specialized immune protein, produced because of the introduction of an antigen into the body, and which possesses the remarkable ability to combine with the very antigen that triggered its production.
3.Antinuclear antibody: An unusual antibody that is directed against structures within the nucleus of the cell. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are found in patients whose immune system is predisposed to causeinflammation against their own body tissues. Antibodies that are directed against one's own tissues are referred to as autoantibodies. The propensity for the immune system to work against its own body is referred to asautoimmunity. ANAs indicate the possible presence of autoimmunity.
4.Biopsy: The removal of a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope to check for cancer cells or other abnormalities.
5.CAT scan: Computerized axial tomography scan. CAT scanning is a painless X-ray test in which a computer generates cross-section views of a patient's anatomy. It can identify normal and abnormal structures, and it can be used to guide procedures. Iodine-containing contrast material is sometimes used in CAT scanning. A patient who is allergic to iodine or contrast materials and is scheduled to have a CAT scan should notify the physician and the radiology staff about the allergy. Also known as CT scan.
6.Chemoembolization: Chemoembolization is a procedure in which anticancer drugs are administered directly into the tumor and the blood supply to the tumor is then blocked by injection of an embolizing- or blocking agent. This permits a much higher concentration of drugs to be in contact with the tumor for a longer period of time, while depriving the tumor of oxygen and nutrients. The procedure is used to treat cancer originating in the liver (primary liver cancer) as well as cancer that has metastasized (spread) to the liver from another area.
7.Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder. This procedure may be done by laparoscopy or by
open …show more content…
surgery.
8.Cholescintigraphy: A diagnostic test in which a two-dimensional picture of a radiation source in the biliary system is obtained through the use of radioisotopes. The test is used to examine the biliary system and diagnose obstruction of the bile ducts (for example, by a gallstone or a tumor), disease of the gallbladder, and bile leaks.
9.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: AbbreviatedERCP. A procedure done to diagnose and treat problems in the bile ducts for example gallstones stuck in bile ducts, inflammatory strictures (scars), leaks (from trauma and surgery),bile duct and pancreatic duct cancer. ERCP combines the use of x-rays and an endoscope (a long, flexible, lighted tube). Through it, the physician can see the inside of the stomach and duodenum and inject dye into the bile ducts and pancreas so they can be seen on x-ray. ERCP takes 30 minutes to 2 hours. Possible complications of ERCP include pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), infection, bleeding, and perforation of the duodenum.
10.Endoscopic ultrasound: Abbreviated EUS. A procedure that combinesendoscopy and ultrasound to obtain images and information about the digestive tract and the surrounding tissue and organs. In EUS a small ultrasound transducer is installed on the tip of the endoscope allowing the transducer to get close to the organs inside the body so the resultant ultrasound images are often more accurate and detailed than ones obtained by traditional ultrasound.
11.Endoscopy: Examination of the inside of the body by using a lighted, flexible instrument called an endoscope. In general, an endoscope is introduced into the body through a natural opening such as the mouth or anus. Although endoscopy can include examination of other organs, the most common endoscopic procedures evaluate the esophagus, stomach, and portions of the intestine.
12. ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography, a diagnostic procedure used to examine diseases of the liver, bile ducts, and pancreas.ERCP is usually performed under intravenous sedation rather than general anesthesia. ERCP provides important information that cannot be obtained by other means. Therapeutic measures can often be taken at the time of ERCP to remove stones in the bile ducts or to relieve obstructions of the bile ducts.
Liver: The largest solid organ in the body, situated in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side. The liver has a multitude of important and complex functions, including to manufacture proteins, including albumin (to help maintain the volume of blood) and blood clotting factors; to synthesize, store, and process fats, including fatty acids (used for energy) and cholesterol; to metabolize and store carbohydrates (used as the source for the sugar in blood); to form and secrete bile that contains bile acids to aid in the intestinal absorption of fats and the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K; to eliminate, by metabolizing or secreting, the potentially harmful biochemical products produced by the body, such as bilirubin, from the breakdown of old red blood cells and ammonia from the breakdown of proteins; and to detoxify, by metabolizing and/or secreting, drugs, alcohol, and environmental toxins.
Liver biopsy: A procedure in which a small sample of the liver is removed for the diagnosis of abnormal liver conditions. The most common method for obtaining a liver biopsy is percutaneous ('through the skin'). A percutaneous biopsy involves insertion of a biopsy needle through the skin and chest wall over the lower right side of the chest (directly over the liver) using a local anesthetic. PATIENT PREPARATION
*Before your liver biopsy, you'll meet with your doctor to talk about what to expect during the biopsy. This is a good time to ask questions about the procedure and make sure you understand the risks and benefits.
1. Stop taking certain medications
-When you meet with your doctor, bring a list of all medications you take, including over-the-counter medications, vitamins and herbal supplements.
Before your liver biopsy, you'll likely be asked to stop taking medications and supplements that can increase the risk of bleeding, including:
* Aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) and certain other pain relievers.
* Blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants), such as warfarin (Coumadin).
* Certain dietary supplements that may increase risk of uncontrolled bleeding.
2. Undergo blood tests
-Before your biopsy, you'll have a blood test to check your blood's ability to clot. If you have blood-clotting problems, you may be given a medication before your biopsy to reduce the risk of bleeding.
3. Stop eating and drinking before the procedure
-You may be asked not to drink or eat for six to eight hours before the liver biopsy. Some people can eat a light breakfast.
4. Prepare for your recovery
-You may receive a sedative before your liver biopsy. If this is the case, arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure. Have someone stay with you during the first night or to check on you. Many doctors recommend that people spend the first evening within an hour's driving distance of the hospital where the biopsy is done, in case a complication develops.
LIVER
Abdulrahman, Jomar
Hamed
Abdul, Jalil M.
Alag, Yasmedah S.
Macapanton, Sohaylah L.
Sangcopan, Omairah A.
John Yasser Sanguila MRI Instructor
Anatomical overview
What is liver?
The whole liver together weighs 3-4 pounds. It is from a light pink to a dark red color. The liver is located right below the heart. The liver is a very big organ. The liver and gallbladder are responsible for a number of functions. One of the main functions is to help in digestion. The largest solid organ in the body, situated in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side. The liver has a multitude of important and complex functions, including to manufacture proteins, including albumin (to help maintain the volume of blood) and blood clotting factors; to synthesize, store, and process fats, including fatty acids (used for energy) and cholesterol; to metabolize and store …show more content…
carbohydrates (used as the source for the sugar in blood); to form and secrete bile that contains bile acids to aid in the intestinal absorption of fats and the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K; to eliminate, by metabolizing or secreting, the potentially harmful biochemical products produced by the body, such as bilirubin, from the breakdown of old red blood cells and ammonia from the breakdown of proteins; and to detoxify, by metabolizing and/or secreting, drugs, alcohol, and environmental toxins.
PATIENT PROCEDURE
1.Ablation: Removal or excision. Ablation is usually carried out surgically. For example, surgical removal of the thyroid gland (a total thyroidectomy) is ablation of the thyroid.
2.Antibody: An immunoglobulin, a specialized immune protein, produced because of the introduction of an antigen into the body, and which possesses the remarkable ability to combine with the very antigen that triggered its production.
3.Antinuclear antibody: An unusual antibody that is directed against structures within the nucleus of the cell. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are found in patients whose immune system is predisposed to causeinflammation against their own body tissues. Antibodies that are directed against one's own tissues are referred to as autoantibodies. The propensity for the immune system to work against its own body is referred to asautoimmunity. ANAs indicate the possible presence of autoimmunity.
4.Biopsy: The removal of a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope to check for cancer cells or other abnormalities.
5.CAT scan: Computerized axial tomography scan. CAT scanning is a painless X-ray test in which a computer generates cross-section views of a patient's anatomy. It can identify normal and abnormal structures, and it can be used to guide procedures. Iodine-containing contrast material is sometimes used in CAT scanning. A patient who is allergic to iodine or contrast materials and is scheduled to have a CAT scan should notify the physician and the radiology staff about the allergy. Also known as CT scan.
6.Chemoembolization: Chemoembolization is a procedure in which anticancer drugs are administered directly into the tumor and the blood supply to the tumor is then blocked by injection of an embolizing- or blocking agent. This permits a much higher concentration of drugs to be in contact with the tumor for a longer period of time, while depriving the tumor of oxygen and nutrients. The procedure is used to treat cancer originating in the liver (primary liver cancer) as well as cancer that has metastasized (spread) to the liver from another area.
7.Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder. This procedure may be done by laparoscopy or by
open …show more content…
surgery.
8.Cholescintigraphy: A diagnostic test in which a two-dimensional picture of a radiation source in the biliary system is obtained through the use of radioisotopes. The test is used to examine the biliary system and diagnose obstruction of the bile ducts (for example, by a gallstone or a tumor), disease of the gallbladder, and bile leaks.
9.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: AbbreviatedERCP. A procedure done to diagnose and treat problems in the bile ducts for example gallstones stuck in bile ducts, inflammatory strictures (scars), leaks (from trauma and surgery),bile duct and pancreatic duct cancer. ERCP combines the use of x-rays and an endoscope (a long, flexible, lighted tube). Through it, the physician can see the inside of the stomach and duodenum and inject dye into the bile ducts and pancreas so they can be seen on x-ray. ERCP takes 30 minutes to 2 hours. Possible complications of ERCP include pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), infection, bleeding, and perforation of the duodenum.
10.Endoscopic ultrasound: Abbreviated EUS. A procedure that combinesendoscopy and ultrasound to obtain images and information about the digestive tract and the surrounding tissue and organs. In EUS a small ultrasound transducer is installed on the tip of the endoscope allowing the transducer to get close to the organs inside the body so the resultant ultrasound images are often more accurate and detailed than ones obtained by traditional ultrasound.
11.Endoscopy: Examination of the inside of the body by using a lighted, flexible instrument called an endoscope. In general, an endoscope is introduced into the body through a natural opening such as the mouth or anus. Although endoscopy can include examination of other organs, the most common endoscopic procedures evaluate the esophagus, stomach, and portions of the intestine.
12. ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography, a diagnostic procedure used to examine diseases of the liver, bile ducts, and pancreas.ERCP is usually performed under intravenous sedation rather than general anesthesia. ERCP provides important information that cannot be obtained by other means. Therapeutic measures can often be taken at the time of ERCP to remove stones in the bile ducts or to relieve obstructions of the bile ducts.
Liver: The largest solid organ in the body, situated in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side. The liver has a multitude of important and complex functions, including to manufacture proteins, including albumin (to help maintain the volume of blood) and blood clotting factors; to synthesize, store, and process fats, including fatty acids (used for energy) and cholesterol; to metabolize and store carbohydrates (used as the source for the sugar in blood); to form and secrete bile that contains bile acids to aid in the intestinal absorption of fats and the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K; to eliminate, by metabolizing or secreting, the potentially harmful biochemical products produced by the body, such as bilirubin, from the breakdown of old red blood cells and ammonia from the breakdown of proteins; and to detoxify, by metabolizing and/or secreting, drugs, alcohol, and environmental toxins.
Liver biopsy: A procedure in which a small sample of the liver is removed for the diagnosis of abnormal liver conditions. The most common method for obtaining a liver biopsy is percutaneous ('through the skin'). A percutaneous biopsy involves insertion of a biopsy needle through the skin and chest wall over the lower right side of the chest (directly over the liver) using a local anesthetic. PATIENT PREPARATION
*Before your liver biopsy, you'll meet with your doctor to talk about what to expect during the biopsy. This is a good time to ask questions about the procedure and make sure you understand the risks and benefits.
1. Stop taking certain medications
-When you meet with your doctor, bring a list of all medications you take, including over-the-counter medications, vitamins and herbal supplements.
Before your liver biopsy, you'll likely be asked to stop taking medications and supplements that can increase the risk of bleeding, including:
* Aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others) and certain other pain relievers.
* Blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants), such as warfarin (Coumadin).
* Certain dietary supplements that may increase risk of uncontrolled bleeding.
2. Undergo blood tests
-Before your biopsy, you'll have a blood test to check your blood's ability to clot. If you have blood-clotting problems, you may be given a medication before your biopsy to reduce the risk of bleeding.
3. Stop eating and drinking before the procedure
-You may be asked not to drink or eat for six to eight hours before the liver biopsy. Some people can eat a light breakfast.
4. Prepare for your recovery
-You may receive a sedative before your liver biopsy. If this is the case, arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure. Have someone stay with you during the first night or to check on you. Many doctors recommend that people spend the first evening within an hour's driving distance of the hospital where the biopsy is done, in case a complication develops.
LIVER
Abdulrahman, Jomar
Hamed
Abdul, Jalil M.
Alag, Yasmedah S.
Macapanton, Sohaylah L.
Sangcopan, Omairah A.
John Yasser Sanguila MRI Instructor