In his article ‘ The Case for Reparations, One of the highlights Coates highlights in segregation that African Americans have faced in regards to homeownership. He mentions a man named Clyde Ross and how his lawsuit against the community housing argument. He was tricked into paying more by speculators raising the prices. This fell heavily on Ross because he was charged so much and if he missed a single payment he would lose everything. Many Black families were told that if you cannot make the payments then you cannot live here.…
The wars between the Axis Power and the Allied and the dropping of atomic bombs in Japan were usually what come into a discussion about World War II. Besides those events, the most horrific and considerably inhumane time was the Holocaust. The Holocaust was a period time during World War II, when Adolf Hitler launched a “movement” to kill all the Jews and anyone he deemed as lower than him in his territories. Most people now looked back at history around this time and believed that the SS and policemen killed the Jews because of brainwashing and forcing. But, in the book Ordinary Men, Christopher R. Browning argued that it was not the case. He argued that these police officers were ordinary men just like everybody else and they were not forced…
Most people would agree with doing something horrific to another person, since it is easier to conform, than to fight, people tend to protect themselves before protecting a stranger. Stanley Milgram put a study together to prove that Germans are more likely to be obedient to authority then American are. The study was called “If Hitler Asked You to Electrocute a Stranger, Would You? Probably.” Milgram explains the character aspects of why people listen to authority and why they afraid not to. Social structure and the organization of society have a powerful affect on people. Milgrams set out to New Haven to start the study ad later on planed to go to Germany to do the study on the society there.…
Early in the Holocaust, German army units participated in the massacre of the Jews in Eastern Europe. Among these, the Reserve Police Battalion 101 was made up of civilian police men, German men, and volunteers subject to the military draft. They were middle-aged working family men with a lower middle class background. Their main purpose was to be an essential source of manpower in holding down German-occupied Europe. In 1941, they were told that they had to perform a gruesome and undesirable task executing the Jewish population in the area they patrolled. My paper will be focusing on factors that lead up to how these “ordinary men” allow themselves to be a part of a systematic genocide. In trying to understand the factors that made these men’s crimes possible the factors that are central to their actions are several: peer pressure and conformity, the roles, the developing of a rationale for killing, and the environment they were in. Without these elements, the men of Police Battalion 101would not have become executioners.…
In 1992, Christopher Browning published his book Ordinary Men, a work in which he narrates the experiences of the men in the Reserve Police Battalion 101. Browning begins by classifying the men as ordinary people, as his title suggests, but quickly reveals not only how easily these men succumbed to the vicious acts they were expected to carry out, but how swiftly they began to take extra measures that were unnecessary as a result of their loss of morality. Based on this, Browning’s account of this Battalion allows him to explain that the Holocaust was made possible…
Stanley Milgram, born a Jew, wonders how he was fortunate enough to be born and raised in the United States, however, he was still impacted by the Holocaust. He felt very passionate about the Holocaust and feels guilty that he hadn’t died in the concentration camps with his fellow Jews in Europe (Miller, 2015). Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, sought out the reasoning behind why Nazi soldiers blindly obeyed authority, especially after the Nuremberg War Criminal trials in World War II (McLeod, 2007). The Nuremberg War Criminal trials consisted of thirteen trials against the higher ranked “Nazi war criminals.” The Nazi criminals killed innocent Jews but proceeded to do so anyway during the Holocaust (Nuremberg Trials, 2015). Some of the Nazis knew killing Jews was immoral, but claim they were “just following orders.” The fact that Milgram was a Jew (Miller, 2015) accompanied by the testimonies in…
Christopher Browning describes how the Reserve Police Battalion 101, like the rest of German society, was immersed in a flood of racist and anti-Semitic propaganda. Browning describes how the Order Police provided indoctrination both in basic training and as an ongoing practice within each unit. Many of the members were not prepared for the killing of Jews. The author examines the reasons some of the police members did not shoot. The physiological effect of isolation, rejection, and ostracism is examined in the context of being assigned to a foreign land with a hostile population. The contradictions imposed by the demands of conscience on the one hand and the norms of the battalion on the other are discussed. Ordinary Men provides…
After the first world war, Germany was almost at breaking point with the ramifications it was subject to after signing the treaty of Versailles. By the 1930s Germany, along with the whole of Europe, had been forced in a state of economic crisis as a result of the Wall Street Crash. This caused hyper inflation, widespread unemployment and poverty across the whole of Germany. The economic crisis was adding fuel to the flames of the already present anti-Semitic bonfire. A scapegoat had to be found and the Jewish-Germans were chosen. At the time of the Nazi takeover in 1933, the Jewish religion made up about 0.8% of the German population and the historian Daniel J. Goldhagen in his book ‘Hitler's Willing Executioners’ preposes that the remaining majority of Germans and Austrians knew and approved of the extermination of the Jewish race and that most would have actively participated in it had they been asked to do so. Goldhagen argues that one person cannot be responsible for the wrongdoings of a whole country and that the German people…
Goldhagen explains the German’s instinctive, demoralizing attitude towards the Jewish people that had been simmering and majorly progressed in the nineteenth century. The Germans endorsed this elimination themed antisemitism which easily turned into an extermination themed antisemitism once Hitler came to power. Goldhagen refers to this as “a demonological antisemitism [that] was the common structure of the perpetrators’ cognition and of German society in general.” The use of trivial excuses to justify the enormity of the abuse and murder further supports how little they valued a Jewish life and how easy it was for them to carry out these acts. The fact that this hatred toward a group of people was already their culture’s norm helped shape the extreme mentality where you can kill someone with the excuse of proving one’s masculinity or not wanting to be an…
And in fact, many historians have been fairly comfortable to do so. But Christopher Browning’s account of the factors that encouraged regular Germans to take part in Hitler’s hideous plan reveals something of great importance where an event like the Holocaust is concerned. His Ordinary Men seeks to shift perspective away from the notion that those predisposed toward the behavior that perpetrated this greatest of human tragedies were inhuman and accustomed to operating in fashions more sociopathic than militarily appropriate. In doing so, he sets a sizable challenge for himself. Truly, there is no way to address why the German people participated in without elaborating upon some of the most unspeakable acts committed in modern history. To that end, Ordinary Men takes its readers through some difficult narratives that reveal brutal, amoral behaviors that would imply a society impoverished of intellectual, ethical or academic development to that point. Moreover, the base and vile nature of the war crimes committed against a people unprepared to defend themselves and presenting no legitimate antagonism to its aggressor, suggests that the German people themselves were inherently bad people, inclined toward acts of evil and…
Milgram’s infamous 1963 study into the nature of obedience is often portrayed in the media as strong evidence for an innate human predisposition to obedience, “resistance is futile” (Parker, 2007) when it comes to the human condition to obey – even in a “destructive” (Milgram, 1963) sense. As Milgram (1963) himself states, obedience as a concept is one of the most fundamental aspects of society, and much has frequently been made of drawing parallels with the atrocities carried out by the Third Reich and the data produced by Milgram’s obedience studies [most notably the dramatic results of the baseline study (Haslam, 2012)]. The ideation is frequently asserted that Nazis themselves were displaying blind obedience (Debattista, 2012) to their superiors, and this blind obedience is what is captured in Milgram’s 1963 experiment, although this proposition must be questioned in lieu of a scientific analysis of Milgram’s actual works,…
Enter here These men grew up before the Nazi’s ideas and morality was pushed on everyone. Most of these men came from Hamburg one of the least Nazified places. Also they had come from social classes that were anti-Nazi. It would have seemed that this group of men would not have been the ideal group of men, to carry out these acts (48). There were those that were anti-Semites and were racist toward the…
In Christopher Browning’s monograph, Ordinary Men (1992), he covered the answered the question of what transforms people into a cold-blooded killer. In synthesizing many different sorts of killings that place prior to and during the Holocaust, Browning studies the motives of the ordinary man, instead of the often-studied motives of Hitler and Himmler. By presenting the reader with a multitude of examples of killings varying in magnitude without presenting his theory of peer pressure as a cause, at the end, Browning allows the reader to arrive at their own conclusion.…
Fast food chains have taken over America, but this is not a good thing. Obesity has become one of the biggest problems the United States of America. Anywhere from 25 – 30% of children, and 50% of adults are obese. Where does this obesity come from? Fast food chains with processed foods, “mystery meats”, and “sugar shocked” pops are major contributors to this widespread problem of obesity. What about this food is so bad for us? It is the trans fats that are in tasty products straight from our favorite fast food chains. This world has a rising amount of the popular fast food restaurants, which contain foods packed with trans fats, and do not contain enough essential fatty acids (EFA’s). The rising popularity of fast food chains and percentage of obese people needs to be stopped.…
It was mainly dominated by three market leader: Colgate Palmolive, Hindustan Unilever Limited and Dabur. They jointly hold a market share of 85% both by volume and value. Apart from there were a few Indian companies such as Anchor,Babool which captured a significant market share in this industry. In 2011, GSK Healthcare has come up with Sensodyne which is capturing a major market share in the healthcare industry. It plans to engage customers through…