Ms. Baal 05/01/2024 The unthinkable had occurred. On election day 1876, the Democratic governor of New York, Samuel Tilden, led by over 200,000 votes and was the presumed winner of the electoral college (“US election of 1876”). However, he would never be President. This contested election was followed by a month-long period of uncertainty that plunged the country, especially the Republican Party, into turmoil.…
The secular laws of Babylon were laid down by Hammurabi in “The Code of Hammurabi”, and in the book of Exodus. These laws provided stability and order in those respective societies. As society depended upon them, it is natural to assume that the laws relied upon society as well and reflect the values held by each society, not only in the laws themselves, but also in how they are written, whom they pertain to and how they are executed. While at first glance the law codes appear similar, there are a number of differences that provide key insight to what was held dear in each society. How do differences in these two law codes attest to differences in the two societies which pronounced them, and likewise, what can be learned from their similarities? These questions will be answered by analyzing the background history of the law codes, the laws themselves, how justice was administered, and the differences and similarities between the punishments for similar offences. This approach will give a comprehensive picture of the law codes and make it possible to see the social reasons behind the differences.…
Children who are neglected tend to use their imaginations as a way of escape. In his story, “The Ascent”, Ron Rash is essentially concerned with illusion, reality and a young boy’s desire for a better life. This is illustrated by the protagonist’s dreams of winning a classmate’s affection, his struggle with his parents and his discovery of a lost plane.…
Stretching their way across the Peruvian desert, the Nasca lines are one of the greatest mysteries in Latin America. The Nasca lines- or Geoglyphs are colossal lines carved into the earth and are believed to have been created over two thousand years ago by the ancient people of Nasca. Due to the dry and windless climate, the Nasca lines have remained remarkably preserved through time. A continuous line makes geometric shapes and animal figures, some as long as two hundred meters. The technology, brainpower and tools needed to pull off these geoglyphs were unprecedented and highly advanced for the time they were built.…
6. How can we explain the absence of a formal code of law in Egypt? (Chapter 2, p. 25)…
Therefore in the following paper the objective will be to describe the countries currently an Islamic Law, the key characteristics and the advantages and disadvantages that the system provides, furthermore, the paper will address one particular country and discuss the policies…
The laws that govern the world of today weren’t without some form of basis or foundation to go off of. As with most subjects, a precedent of sorts was established in the past. In particular, the Law Code of Hammurabi, who was a Babylonian ruler, administered a long list of laws that were depicted as originating from the gods themselves. It is through the creation of these rules that the differences between social standings and distinct classes, as well as the general insight into the society of that time frame are clearly evident. Even as this body of laws is claimed to have been bestowed upon by the gods, it is questionable if there wasn’t some degree of bias in their design, despite the endeavors to put the differing classes in equal terms as far as committing crimes went. It is through this body of laws that the society of today has been shaped as it has, even if indirectly and with much refinement.…
Aqida: The way people and society should interact, promoted the building the new Islamic society and infused with the fundamentals of Islamic law and Qur’an provided the guidelines for Islamic society.…
The first dynasty provides evidence to how intrinsic the mandate was for dynastic rule as, even before the mandate was legitimized, the authority of rulers was derived from Heaven. The Mandate of Heaven is the philosophical aspect of dynastic cycles and is vital in understanding both the cycles as well as the legacies of…
Kennedy, Hugh N. (2001). The armies of the caliphs: Military and society in the early Islamic state. London: Routledge.…
The first method that the elites use in order to maintain stratification is controlling people’s ideas. This was done by creating ideologies, they came up with the ideology known as the divine right of the kings, which was the idea that the kings authority comes directly from god (Henslin, p. 203).In today’s society the elites successfully do this in schools when talking about government and in the church. “Ideology is so powerful that it even sets limits on the elite” (Henslin, p. 203), this means that the people can demand that the leaders that come up with those ideas also have to follow those ideas. That is a liability that the power elites have, they must conform to their controlling ideas.…
The Egyptian law was governed by religious principles. The role of the Ma’at was essential…
As the religion formed and found its identity during this period of immense population growth, it blended its Islamic legal systems with local laws and customs of newly conquered states. There were many cultural changes during the Abbasid Dynasty (Spirko). The rights of women in Islam were novel, and therefore, as cultures blended into Islam, women’s rights were not always granted, since the conquered people often kept some of their own cultural behaviors.. However, while the blending of cultures might be an argument for the dramatic decrease in women’s rights, the influence al-Ghazali’s writings and opinions had must have been of greater significance. Had al-Ghazali supported the same rights women had in early Islam, women’s rights could not have declined so rapidly in the Abbasid period, since he had so much…
The origin of Alshabaa began when the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was began to formed in Kenya, major changes were taking place in Mogadishu that altered the landscape of Somalia.iii The capital had been the scene of some of the heaviest fighting throughout the civil war due to the numerous warlords competing for control of various neighborhoods. As a result, lawlessness was rampant for more than a decade, as robbery, rape, kidnapping, and murder became daily occurrences.iv Beginning in the late 1990s, however, neighborhood shari'a courts began to spring up in a series of local attempts to impose a degree of law and order. Although most Somalis are not especially religious and adhere to the relatively moderate Sufi branch of Islam,' the courts were largely welcomed as a way to fill the void left by the disappearance of the official police and judiciary system. vThe courts became power centers in and of themselves, recruiting their own militias to carry out their frequently harsh judgments. Each court was heavily influenced by the ideology of its leader, some of whom were moderate like Sheikh…
The Muqaddimah is the introduction to Khaldun’s philosophy about history, addressing subjects such as economics; society, religion, and politics; and how knowledge could be obtained in the social constructs of the day (“historiography”). Originally intending the Muqaddimah to be a history of both Arab and Berber culture, Khaldun decided that it would be better to write a work that helped define what it meant for something to be historically true, so he used the knowledge he obtained through his studies to develop what he thought was “the science of culture” (Issawi). From his studies and experiences, he was able to formulate the idea that humans progressed from smaller groups of tribes and into larger, more sophisticated societies by way of “asabiyah,” the inevitable inclination towards serving a group led by a personality made for ruling over the masses (Rosen 597). While this idea may not seem overly progressive, Khaldun analyzed this general principle further, blending both the aql and naql viewpoints (generally obtained knowledge and sacred revealed knowledge respectively) that distinguished his works from that of other Renaissance philosophers (Dhaoudi…