supertankers
SUPERTANKER
INTRODUCTION
A very large ship, usually between 100,000 and 400,000 displacement tons, used for transporting oil and other liquids in large quantities.
A very large oil tanker, specifically one whose dead-weight capacity exceeds 75, 000 tons.
THE SUPERTANKER ERA
Until 1956, tankers were designed to be able to navigate the Suez Canal. This size restriction became much less of a priority after the closing of the canal during the Suez Crisis of 1956.Forced to move oil around the Cape of Good Hope, ship owners realized that bigger tankers were the key to more efficient transport. While a typical T2 tanker of the World War II era was 532 feet (162 m) long and had a capacity of 16,500 DWT, the ultra-large crude carriers (ULCC) built in the 1970s were over 1,300 feet (400 m) long and had a capacity of 500,000 DWT. Several factors encouraged this growth. Hostilities in the Middle East which interrupted traffic through the Suez Canal contributed, as did nationalization of Middle East oil refineries. Fierce competition among shipowners also played a part. But apart from these considerations is a simple economic advantage: the larger an oil tanker is, the more cheaply it can move crude oil, and the better it can help meet growing demands for oil.
In 1955 the World 's largest supertanker was 30,708 GRT and 47,500 LT DWT: the SS Spyros Niarchos launched that year by Vickers Armstrongs Shipbuilders Ltd in England for Stavros Niarchos. In 1958 United States shipping magnate Daniel K. Ludwig broke the record of 100,000 long tons of heavy displacement. His Universe Apollo displaced 104,500 long tons, a 23% increase from the previous record-holder, Universe Leader which also belonged to Ludwig.
The world 's largest supertanker was built in 1979 at the Oppama shipyard by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. as the Seawise Giant. This ship was built with a capacity of 564,763 DWT, a length overall of 458.45 metres (1,504.1 ft)
INTRODUCTION
A very large ship, usually between 100,000 and 400,000 displacement tons, used for transporting oil and other liquids in large quantities.
A very large oil tanker, specifically one whose dead-weight capacity exceeds 75, 000 tons.
THE SUPERTANKER ERA
Until 1956, tankers were designed to be able to navigate the Suez Canal. This size restriction became much less of a priority after the closing of the canal during the Suez Crisis of 1956.Forced to move oil around the Cape of Good Hope, ship owners realized that bigger tankers were the key to more efficient transport. While a typical T2 tanker of the World War II era was 532 feet (162 m) long and had a capacity of 16,500 DWT, the ultra-large crude carriers (ULCC) built in the 1970s were over 1,300 feet (400 m) long and had a capacity of 500,000 DWT. Several factors encouraged this growth. Hostilities in the Middle East which interrupted traffic through the Suez Canal contributed, as did nationalization of Middle East oil refineries. Fierce competition among shipowners also played a part. But apart from these considerations is a simple economic advantage: the larger an oil tanker is, the more cheaply it can move crude oil, and the better it can help meet growing demands for oil.
In 1955 the World 's largest supertanker was 30,708 GRT and 47,500 LT DWT: the SS Spyros Niarchos launched that year by Vickers Armstrongs Shipbuilders Ltd in England for Stavros Niarchos. In 1958 United States shipping magnate Daniel K. Ludwig broke the record of 100,000 long tons of heavy displacement. His Universe Apollo displaced 104,500 long tons, a 23% increase from the previous record-holder, Universe Leader which also belonged to Ludwig.
The world 's largest supertanker was built in 1979 at the Oppama shipyard by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. as the Seawise Giant. This ship was built with a capacity of 564,763 DWT, a length overall of 458.45 metres (1,504.1 ft)
Bibliography: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_tanker#The_supertanker_era http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TI-class_supertanker http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batillus-class_supertankers https://www.google.co.in/search?q=batillus+supertanker+IMAGE&sa=X&tbm=isch&tbo=u&sourc https://www.google.co.in/#q=supertanker+IMAGE https://www.google.co.in/search?q=supertankers&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=ucKkUrimCYeJrges84C4DQ&sqi=2&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1092&bih=533#q=ti-class+supertankers&tbm=isch