Sustainable Development

Define all the concepts and acronyms EIA (environmental Impact Assessment) SEA (strategic environmental assessment) IEM (Integrated environmental management) PPP (Policy, plan, programme) EMP (Environmental Management Plan) SD (Sustainable Development) CBA (Cost benefit Analysis) PI (Population Index) SIA (Social Impact Assessment) MCE (Multi Criteria Evaluation)

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INTRODUCTION Sustainable development has been defined in various terms in South Africa, and the most used one is the definition derived from the Bruntland report, 1987 and it is also used in the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) 107 of 1998 that states that sustainable development is the integration of social, environmental and economic factors into planning, implementation and decision making so as to ensure that development serves present and future generations, (NEMA, 1998). There are three major dimensions to sustainable development which are society, environment and economy aspects, whereas sustainability is a paradigm for thinking about the future in which environmental, societal and economic considerations are balanced in the pursuit of an improved quality of life (UNESCO, 2001). The ideals and principles behind sustainability include broad concepts such as intergenerational equity, gender equity, social tolerance, poverty alleviation, environmental preservation and restoration, natural resource conservation, and building just and peaceful societies. Sustainability is a long-term approach and whereas sustainable development is often evaluated at project or rather developmental level (UNESCO, 2001).

In South Africa, pre 1973, the policy developmental process for the environmental issues was formulated by the Planning Advisory Council and environmental management issues were facilitated by the Department of Planning. In 1973, the department expanded to be the Department of Planning and Environment and which later changed to the Department of Planning and Energy in 1979. In 1980,

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