Consumer Behavior
GSR Behaviour Change Knowledge Review
Reference Report: An overview of behaviour change models and their uses Andrew Darnton, Centre for Sustainable
Development, University of Westminster
July 2008
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Understanding Behaviour
2.1 Economic assumptions
2.2 Behavioural economics
2.3 The role of information and the value action gap
2.4 Values, beliefs and attitudes
2.5 Norms and identity
2.6 Agency, efficacy and control
2.7 Habit and routine
2.8 The role of emotions
2.9 External factors
2.10 Self regulation
2.11 Societal factors
1
5
5
7
10
11
15
18
22
24
26
29
32
3. Using Behavioural Models
34
4. Understanding Change
39
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Changing habits
Change in stages
Change via social networks
Change as learning
Change in systems
39
41
44
47
51
5. Applied Approaches to Change
57
6. Issues Around Intervening
64
6.1 Ethical issues
6.2 Equity issues
6.3 Side effects
64
65
67
7. Using Behavioural Models with Theories of Change
68
Appendices
70
i) ii) iii) iv) v)
Tables matching behaviours to models
Methodology
Organisations and Individuals Contacted
Electronic bibliography
References
70
74
76
77
77
1.
Introduction
This report has been designed to accompany the Practical Guide to Behaviour Change models1. It provides a descriptive account of over 60 social-psychological models and theories of behaviour and discusses some issues to consider when using models. It also provides additional resources in the Appendices to enable readers to access the vast amount of literature in this area and see where models have been used to address particular behaviours previously.
This review makes the distinction between models of behaviour and theories of change.
This is primarily an explanatory step, taken to highlight the different uses (and limits) of the types of models and theories incorporated in the behaviour
Reference Report: An overview of behaviour change models and their uses Andrew Darnton, Centre for Sustainable
Development, University of Westminster
July 2008
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Understanding Behaviour
2.1 Economic assumptions
2.2 Behavioural economics
2.3 The role of information and the value action gap
2.4 Values, beliefs and attitudes
2.5 Norms and identity
2.6 Agency, efficacy and control
2.7 Habit and routine
2.8 The role of emotions
2.9 External factors
2.10 Self regulation
2.11 Societal factors
1
5
5
7
10
11
15
18
22
24
26
29
32
3. Using Behavioural Models
34
4. Understanding Change
39
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Changing habits
Change in stages
Change via social networks
Change as learning
Change in systems
39
41
44
47
51
5. Applied Approaches to Change
57
6. Issues Around Intervening
64
6.1 Ethical issues
6.2 Equity issues
6.3 Side effects
64
65
67
7. Using Behavioural Models with Theories of Change
68
Appendices
70
i) ii) iii) iv) v)
Tables matching behaviours to models
Methodology
Organisations and Individuals Contacted
Electronic bibliography
References
70
74
76
77
77
1.
Introduction
This report has been designed to accompany the Practical Guide to Behaviour Change models1. It provides a descriptive account of over 60 social-psychological models and theories of behaviour and discusses some issues to consider when using models. It also provides additional resources in the Appendices to enable readers to access the vast amount of literature in this area and see where models have been used to address particular behaviours previously.
This review makes the distinction between models of behaviour and theories of change.
This is primarily an explanatory step, taken to highlight the different uses (and limits) of the types of models and theories incorporated in the behaviour
References: Bandura A. 1991. Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50 (2) 248-287.