Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research Paper
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, which means the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. This leads to long-term (chronic) inflammation. Lupus nephritis is kidney inflammation caused by SLE. Up to 60% of people with SLE are diagnosed with Lupus nephritis which can lead to significant illness and even death[1]. Signs and symptoms of lupus nephritis may include elevated blood pressure, foamy urine, edema. Lupus nephritis is diagnosed based on urinalysis, Blood test and biopsy.
Lupus anticoagulant is an immunoglobulin that binds to phospholipids and proteins associated with cell membrane. These antibodies interfere with the normal function of blood vessels and can lead to narrowing of the blood vessels …show more content…
The American College of Rheumatology defines 19 neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus.[20] The diagnosis of neuropsychiatric syndromes concurrent with SLE is one of the most difficult challenges in medicine, because it can involve so many different patterns of symptoms, some of which may be mistaken for signs of infectious disease or stroke.[21]
The most common neuropsychiatric disorder people with SLE have is headache,[22] although the existence of a specific lupus headache and the optimal approach to headache in SLE cases remains controversial.[23] Other common neuropsychiatric manifestation of SLE include cognitive dysfunction, mood disorder, cerebrovascular disease,[22] seizures, polyneuropathy,[22] anxiety disorder, and psychosis. It can rarely present with intracranial hypertension syndrome, characterized by an elevated intracranial pressure, papilledema, and headache with occasional abducens nerve paresis, absence of a space-occupying lesion or ventricular enlargement, and normal cerebrospinal fluid chemical and hematological …show more content…
Neurological
Neural symptoms contribute to a significant percentage of morbidity and mortality in patients with lupus.[25] As a result, the neural side of lupus is being studied in hopes of reducing morbidity and mortality rates.[20] The neural manifestation of lupus is known as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). One aspect of this disease is severe damage to the epithelial cells of the blood–brain barrier.
Lupus has a wide range of symptoms which span the body. The neurological symptoms include headaches,[22] depression, seizures, cognitive dysfunction, mood disorder, cerebrovascular disease,[22] polyneuropathy,[22] anxiety disorder, psychosis, and in some extreme cases, personality disorders.[26] In certain regions, depression reportedly affects up to 60% of women suffering from SLE.[27]
Lupus anticoagulant is an immunoglobulin that binds to phospholipids and proteins associated with cell membrane. These antibodies interfere with the normal function of blood vessels and can lead to narrowing of the blood vessels …show more content…
The American College of Rheumatology defines 19 neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus.[20] The diagnosis of neuropsychiatric syndromes concurrent with SLE is one of the most difficult challenges in medicine, because it can involve so many different patterns of symptoms, some of which may be mistaken for signs of infectious disease or stroke.[21]
The most common neuropsychiatric disorder people with SLE have is headache,[22] although the existence of a specific lupus headache and the optimal approach to headache in SLE cases remains controversial.[23] Other common neuropsychiatric manifestation of SLE include cognitive dysfunction, mood disorder, cerebrovascular disease,[22] seizures, polyneuropathy,[22] anxiety disorder, and psychosis. It can rarely present with intracranial hypertension syndrome, characterized by an elevated intracranial pressure, papilledema, and headache with occasional abducens nerve paresis, absence of a space-occupying lesion or ventricular enlargement, and normal cerebrospinal fluid chemical and hematological …show more content…
Neurological
Neural symptoms contribute to a significant percentage of morbidity and mortality in patients with lupus.[25] As a result, the neural side of lupus is being studied in hopes of reducing morbidity and mortality rates.[20] The neural manifestation of lupus is known as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). One aspect of this disease is severe damage to the epithelial cells of the blood–brain barrier.
Lupus has a wide range of symptoms which span the body. The neurological symptoms include headaches,[22] depression, seizures, cognitive dysfunction, mood disorder, cerebrovascular disease,[22] polyneuropathy,[22] anxiety disorder, psychosis, and in some extreme cases, personality disorders.[26] In certain regions, depression reportedly affects up to 60% of women suffering from SLE.[27]