Tehran is the capital and largest city of Iran and is also the most populous city in the Middle East. As the capital of Iran, Tehran is a very diverse and beautiful city combining the ancient civilization of Iran with modern developments and living. It is located on the base of the Alborz Mountains Chain allowing it to be a great tourist attraction to many. Tehran has provided a place for important sociological, economic, and political activities. This paper will allow one to understand the history, demographics, economy, and many other factors that contribute to this country being the fascinating city that it is. Tehran historically is one of Iran’s newer cities this is believed to be true by researchers and archaeologists because little has been written about this country. The oldest record mentioning Tehran, is the book of "tarikhe baghdad" (Baghdad's History), written in 14 volumes by, Abu-Bakr Ahmad-ibn Ali-ibn Sabet, also known as "khatibe baghdadi". Before 11th century AD nothing had been mentioned of Tehran until around the 13 century being described in a book by a geographer. He writes about this country describes it as a village of Rey, where “rebellious inhabitants” live in underground dwellings. According to him they “disregarded their governers”, and are “in constant clashes amongst themselves, to the extent that the inhabitants of its twelve quarters cannot visit one another.” Other geographers around this time period also speak of this happening offering more support to verify these findings. In 1220 the Mongols attacked Rey and executed thousands in the process. Most of those who escaped wound up in Tehran and this is how this country acquired its first wave of population. This occurrence turned the village into a small, somewhat prosperous trading center and home to the country’s future capital.
In the mid-16th century, Tehran environment was of many trees, beautiful and clear rivers, and brought about good hunting. These