Clinical psychologists and neuroscientific researchers have always sought to understand what is going on in the brain and what is on the mind of their clients. For centuries, direct examination of the brain was elusive and almost nearly impossible due to the inadequacy of technology. However, noninvasive advances in brain examination have alleviated those challenges, making it possible to explore and investigate the brain in depth.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is used to monitor and test electrical activity in the brain. The first EEG was developed in the 1920s by Hans Berger, which was first used in 1924 to assess electrical current in the brain. Electroencephalography is conducted when electrodes are placed and attached to the scalp;
the electrodes are small disks that conduct electricity. Once the disks capture electrical current in the brain, the currents are conveyed to the EEG machine. The currents are amplified, which are then recorded in the form of waves. The EEG records these waves produced by electrical current 250-2000 times per second.
Electroencephalography has largely been used to determine the state of mind a person may be in. Further, it has been a prominent tool used to diagnose epilepsy. During epileptic seizures, brain activity is vastly increased in which the EEG has no issue picking up electrical signals. Further, sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy and sleep apnea, are often diagnosed and identified using EEG machines. A mechanical engineer at Villanova University’s College of Engineering comments on the productivity of EEG’s and machines that are similar: It can basically be used to diagnose any health problem that affects brain activity. We hope to monitor brain health in patients with mild traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, and sleep and circadian disorders (Muller).
Lastly, EEGs are used for many other aspects besides clinical studies, such as social interaction and neuromarketing.