The Five Strategies For Health Promotion
According to the estimates on self reported data in Australia and the worldwide research from the Office of Health Economics, more than 5% of the Australian population who is aged 55 and over is suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and it is the 5th most common cause of death in Australia and will be 4th leading cause of death throughout the world by 2030 respectively. (Booker, 2010, AIHW, 2016) This essay will present the overview about the COPD clinical intervention in regards to effective managements and also discuss about the five strategies for health promotion illustrated in the Ottawa charter from published from WHO on nurse’s perspectives and guidance on their ends of professional responsibilities in an effort to alert
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awareness of COPD in primary health care setting and how nurses would assist the patient on managing the disease through proper education and by linking them to the appropriate services and resources.
General overview of COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long term, progressive lung disease that limits or blocks air flow to the lungs due to impaired air sacs and/or damaged airways, which accompanies with coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, excess amounts of mucus, tightness of chest, fatigue and other signs of respiratory related discomfort. It is not only affecting the heart and respiratory health, but also can disable musculoskeletal system as well as cognitive functioning, which is mostly preventable with early detection of the disease. Most causes of COPD are cigarette smoking, therefore, ex-smokers and smokers with a long smoking history are more likely to develop COPD over time. Unfortunately, COPD is not a curable disease as the damaged airways or air sacs cannot be regenerated. Nevertheless, there are available resources and support for slowing the progression of the disease, relieving symptoms, less hosptalisation and live active and longer as much as possible. (Booker, 2010, Better Health Channel, 2013, AIHW, 2016)
As stated in the Ottawa charter for health promotion that accentuates the importance of building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills and reorienting health services and each of these components mentioned above will be demonstrated in accordance with the nurse’s role on these points on COPD treatments and managing skills for patients.
Examples of building healthy public policy relating to COPD
A good example of the first action plan of the Ottawa charter for health promotion is building healthy public policy that collaborated with COPD related program is the Smoke Free WA health policy.
It has been initiated in WA, which strictly prohibited smoking in WA government health facility premises for the best interest of the hospital staffs, visitors and clients by protecting them from the undesired secondhand smoke and to lower the harm originated from cigarette smoking by supporting safe smoke-free environments. (Government of South Australia, …show more content…
2013).
In addition, increasing the cost of purchasing tobacco product is another example of building healthy public policy as cigarette can cause chronic and severe health condition and quit smoking is remarkably reducing the risk of prevalence of chronic or acute respiratory related disease.
Based on Hurley and Matthews’s study (2007), it discovered approximately 4 per cent of the individuals who quit smoking can be prevented from experiencing the life threatening health condition, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory related illness and ultimately premature death than the others who continued to smoke for another decade. Moreover, there is irrefutable evidence that impose high tax on tobacco would result in increased price on tobacco product prices, which would not only drop the smoking rates but also reduce the smoking intensity in youth. Therefore, bring this issues into the clinical approach in primary healthcare setting, if the patient wishes to quit smoking or acquire information about smoking cessation as a result of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, the nurses would discuss about the possible support services and available anti-nicotine products and suggest nicotine, such like nicotine patch and/or different mixture of nicotine replacement. (Ross & Chaloupka, 2003; Carpenter & Cook, 2007; Department of Treasury,
2010)
Nurses’ position in part of creating supportive environment
Second and third action plan of the Ottawa Charter for health promotion is creating supportive environments. Pulmonary rehabilitation program is an excellent example that adhere its purpose, which requiring greater coordination between nurse professionals and multidisciplinary team for optimal patient care and also emphasizing the nurse’s imperative role for caring COPD patients throughout the program. In accordance with current COPD management, Burns (2012) suggests that pulmonary rehabilitation program has verified its benefits on improving quality of life for patients who is suffering from COPD, which includes various assessments on patient, smoking cessation support, physical training, which involves strengthening of peripheral muscle, occupational therapy, patient education covering general information about COPD, nutritional diet education and support on patient’s psychological and social aspects. Nurses would also play as a member of multidisciplinary team that aids to provide a holistic approach and integrated and flexible care, which could apply on both of home and hospital environments. The COPD nurses require utilising patient centred care efficiently and systemically as pulmonary rehabilitation program targets to avoid the exacerbation of COPD and to eliminate negative emotions and anxious feelings through social and support group activities, therefore guiding the patients for physical and emotional wellbeing. (Corhay, Dang, Van Cauwenberge & Louis, 2014; Welch, 2016).
Most importantly, nurses are acting a key role on caring and directing patient within the program. According to the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia (2008), for instance, the nurses need to be engaged in the patient decisions by providing appropriate information, reliable resources and adequate care that in the boundary of the patient’s capacity of acknowledging. During pulmonary rehabilitation program, nurses should assess the positive contributing factors or barriers for the patient’s absolute participation in order to reach the effective outcome as much as possible. The successful delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation, which is short-term, outpatient focused program, would be depending on the nurses’ roles on efficient patient education and proper assessments to reassure the purpose of participation in the program and multidisciplinary intervention. (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2008; Lameris and Atkins, 2014; Mukundu and Matiti, 2015)
Patient support group and nurse’s role on strengthening community action
On the reflection of strengthening community action of the Ottawa Charter for health promotion, the patients who diagnosed with a chronic lung disease would have experienced mixed emotions as various aspects of their lives would be altered and/or changed and comprehend the current situations to deal with their health condition. Not to mention about the physical changes, the patients would go through emotional difficulties such like feelings of anxious, isolated, confused and depressed over time. In such a difficult time like this, the nurses could intervene and suggest participating for the appropriate supports and services available to the patient. As patient support groups can assist the patients about coping skills and practical recommendations. Moreover, the participation of support group would give them a motivation to get through difficult times. It is not only about the patient’s interaction with the people who have common interests, but also for the caring person of the patients could share their stories with others who is having a similar situation. (Lung foundation Australia, 2013)
Nurse’s intervention in regards to nicotine addiction treatment
The importance of having and maintaining healthy lungs cannot be underestimated in terms of raising awareness on respiratory related illnesses. For instance, quitting smoking is seeking to be the most effective intervention for the patient with COPD or who is suspected to have the disease, which would slow down the disease progression and avoid complication. Thereby, nicotine addiction treatment program is an excellent example of the develop personal skills through its customer centred interventions for their immediate health benefit, which could emphasise self management to cater extensive and combined smoking cessation methods and support services from the assistance of health professionals who can implement plans and recommend appropriate resources that tailor-made for the individuals’ needs and circumstances. Therefore, the nurses effective communication skills would be essential and the patients’ opinions need to be reflected on their plans and they need to be a part of making decisions. In order to achieve optimal outcome, the treatment care plan should have realisable objectives, motivation and inclusive follow-up. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011; Department of Health, 2012; Eva O¨ sterlund Efraimsson et al.,2015)
Reorienting health services in national initiatives for management of COPD
There are various programs and support managements for chronic diseases at a national level, which provide funding for the clinical research and training purposes for the health professionals in order to support primary healthcare services that to encourage effective management and treatment for the chronic respiratory-related illnesses and as well as to sustain the good standards of surveillance . Such programs like “the Medicare Benefits Schedule” and “the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme” would offer the patients can be referred to the different types of allied health services that linked to their medical condition and would offer subsidies for medications required for the medical care of chronic conditions respectively. The nurses require being at the forefront of changes that reassure the delivery of high standard services, access to the up-to-date training and latest clinical support for the patient’s benefit and the optimal management of individually entailed COPD plan. (The Department of Health, 2012; The Department of Health, 2015)
In summary, this essay discusses about general information of COPD clinical intervention, illustrates how nurse professionals reflected the framework of the Ottawa charter for health promotion in providing clinical care for COPD patient in primary health continuum and their role as a part of multidisciplinary team and the supporter of the patient care by offering appropriate services and supports available.
awareness of COPD in primary health care setting and how nurses would assist the patient on managing the disease through proper education and by linking them to the appropriate services and resources.
General overview of COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long term, progressive lung disease that limits or blocks air flow to the lungs due to impaired air sacs and/or damaged airways, which accompanies with coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, excess amounts of mucus, tightness of chest, fatigue and other signs of respiratory related discomfort. It is not only affecting the heart and respiratory health, but also can disable musculoskeletal system as well as cognitive functioning, which is mostly preventable with early detection of the disease. Most causes of COPD are cigarette smoking, therefore, ex-smokers and smokers with a long smoking history are more likely to develop COPD over time. Unfortunately, COPD is not a curable disease as the damaged airways or air sacs cannot be regenerated. Nevertheless, there are available resources and support for slowing the progression of the disease, relieving symptoms, less hosptalisation and live active and longer as much as possible. (Booker, 2010, Better Health Channel, 2013, AIHW, 2016)
As stated in the Ottawa charter for health promotion that accentuates the importance of building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills and reorienting health services and each of these components mentioned above will be demonstrated in accordance with the nurse’s role on these points on COPD treatments and managing skills for patients.
Examples of building healthy public policy relating to COPD
A good example of the first action plan of the Ottawa charter for health promotion is building healthy public policy that collaborated with COPD related program is the Smoke Free WA health policy.
It has been initiated in WA, which strictly prohibited smoking in WA government health facility premises for the best interest of the hospital staffs, visitors and clients by protecting them from the undesired secondhand smoke and to lower the harm originated from cigarette smoking by supporting safe smoke-free environments. (Government of South Australia, …show more content…
2013).
In addition, increasing the cost of purchasing tobacco product is another example of building healthy public policy as cigarette can cause chronic and severe health condition and quit smoking is remarkably reducing the risk of prevalence of chronic or acute respiratory related disease.
Based on Hurley and Matthews’s study (2007), it discovered approximately 4 per cent of the individuals who quit smoking can be prevented from experiencing the life threatening health condition, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory related illness and ultimately premature death than the others who continued to smoke for another decade. Moreover, there is irrefutable evidence that impose high tax on tobacco would result in increased price on tobacco product prices, which would not only drop the smoking rates but also reduce the smoking intensity in youth. Therefore, bring this issues into the clinical approach in primary healthcare setting, if the patient wishes to quit smoking or acquire information about smoking cessation as a result of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, the nurses would discuss about the possible support services and available anti-nicotine products and suggest nicotine, such like nicotine patch and/or different mixture of nicotine replacement. (Ross & Chaloupka, 2003; Carpenter & Cook, 2007; Department of Treasury,
2010)
Nurses’ position in part of creating supportive environment
Second and third action plan of the Ottawa Charter for health promotion is creating supportive environments. Pulmonary rehabilitation program is an excellent example that adhere its purpose, which requiring greater coordination between nurse professionals and multidisciplinary team for optimal patient care and also emphasizing the nurse’s imperative role for caring COPD patients throughout the program. In accordance with current COPD management, Burns (2012) suggests that pulmonary rehabilitation program has verified its benefits on improving quality of life for patients who is suffering from COPD, which includes various assessments on patient, smoking cessation support, physical training, which involves strengthening of peripheral muscle, occupational therapy, patient education covering general information about COPD, nutritional diet education and support on patient’s psychological and social aspects. Nurses would also play as a member of multidisciplinary team that aids to provide a holistic approach and integrated and flexible care, which could apply on both of home and hospital environments. The COPD nurses require utilising patient centred care efficiently and systemically as pulmonary rehabilitation program targets to avoid the exacerbation of COPD and to eliminate negative emotions and anxious feelings through social and support group activities, therefore guiding the patients for physical and emotional wellbeing. (Corhay, Dang, Van Cauwenberge & Louis, 2014; Welch, 2016).
Most importantly, nurses are acting a key role on caring and directing patient within the program. According to the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia (2008), for instance, the nurses need to be engaged in the patient decisions by providing appropriate information, reliable resources and adequate care that in the boundary of the patient’s capacity of acknowledging. During pulmonary rehabilitation program, nurses should assess the positive contributing factors or barriers for the patient’s absolute participation in order to reach the effective outcome as much as possible. The successful delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation, which is short-term, outpatient focused program, would be depending on the nurses’ roles on efficient patient education and proper assessments to reassure the purpose of participation in the program and multidisciplinary intervention. (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2008; Lameris and Atkins, 2014; Mukundu and Matiti, 2015)
Patient support group and nurse’s role on strengthening community action
On the reflection of strengthening community action of the Ottawa Charter for health promotion, the patients who diagnosed with a chronic lung disease would have experienced mixed emotions as various aspects of their lives would be altered and/or changed and comprehend the current situations to deal with their health condition. Not to mention about the physical changes, the patients would go through emotional difficulties such like feelings of anxious, isolated, confused and depressed over time. In such a difficult time like this, the nurses could intervene and suggest participating for the appropriate supports and services available to the patient. As patient support groups can assist the patients about coping skills and practical recommendations. Moreover, the participation of support group would give them a motivation to get through difficult times. It is not only about the patient’s interaction with the people who have common interests, but also for the caring person of the patients could share their stories with others who is having a similar situation. (Lung foundation Australia, 2013)
Nurse’s intervention in regards to nicotine addiction treatment
The importance of having and maintaining healthy lungs cannot be underestimated in terms of raising awareness on respiratory related illnesses. For instance, quitting smoking is seeking to be the most effective intervention for the patient with COPD or who is suspected to have the disease, which would slow down the disease progression and avoid complication. Thereby, nicotine addiction treatment program is an excellent example of the develop personal skills through its customer centred interventions for their immediate health benefit, which could emphasise self management to cater extensive and combined smoking cessation methods and support services from the assistance of health professionals who can implement plans and recommend appropriate resources that tailor-made for the individuals’ needs and circumstances. Therefore, the nurses effective communication skills would be essential and the patients’ opinions need to be reflected on their plans and they need to be a part of making decisions. In order to achieve optimal outcome, the treatment care plan should have realisable objectives, motivation and inclusive follow-up. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011; Department of Health, 2012; Eva O¨ sterlund Efraimsson et al.,2015)
Reorienting health services in national initiatives for management of COPD
There are various programs and support managements for chronic diseases at a national level, which provide funding for the clinical research and training purposes for the health professionals in order to support primary healthcare services that to encourage effective management and treatment for the chronic respiratory-related illnesses and as well as to sustain the good standards of surveillance . Such programs like “the Medicare Benefits Schedule” and “the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme” would offer the patients can be referred to the different types of allied health services that linked to their medical condition and would offer subsidies for medications required for the medical care of chronic conditions respectively. The nurses require being at the forefront of changes that reassure the delivery of high standard services, access to the up-to-date training and latest clinical support for the patient’s benefit and the optimal management of individually entailed COPD plan. (The Department of Health, 2012; The Department of Health, 2015)
In summary, this essay discusses about general information of COPD clinical intervention, illustrates how nurse professionals reflected the framework of the Ottawa charter for health promotion in providing clinical care for COPD patient in primary health continuum and their role as a part of multidisciplinary team and the supporter of the patient care by offering appropriate services and supports available.