The Four Functions of Management
Subject : Management & Organizational Behaviour
Code : BMO 1102
Assessment 3 : Research Essay
Question : Define management by objectives and list the four elements of this type of goal setting. Next, discuss three problems associated with management by objectives. Can this management technique be applied to your approach to this subject (BMO 1102)? If so, how?
Name : Darwis Soesanto
VU Student Number : 3712716
Tutorial Group : Tutorial 4
Date of Submission : 21st September 2005
Lecturer 's Name : Ms. Greeja De Silva Table of Contents
Table of Contents 1
Introduction 2
Discussion
Four Elements of Management by Objectives 3 Three Problems Faced 4 Management by objective and its application 4
Conclusion 5 Introduction
How do managers plan? Do they must plan effectively? Do they plan alone? To understand these we must first understand what planning is.
Planning is:
1. Way of forecasting and predicting what will happen in the future to achieve goals and to cope with problems.
2. A process that involves defining the organization 's goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate organizational work (Robbins et al. 2003).
3. The process by which managers establish goals and define the methods by which these goals and action statements (Dunham 1989)
4. The process of coping with uncertainty by formulating future courses of action to achieve specified results (Kreitner 2004).
There are two ways in setting organizational goals, which are traditional goal settings and management by objectives.
Management by objectives is:
1. A method where managers and their employees define the goals together, how to achieve the goals, and monitor the process.
2. A management system in which specific performance goals are jointly determined by employees and their managers, progress toward accomplishing those goals is
Code : BMO 1102
Assessment 3 : Research Essay
Question : Define management by objectives and list the four elements of this type of goal setting. Next, discuss three problems associated with management by objectives. Can this management technique be applied to your approach to this subject (BMO 1102)? If so, how?
Name : Darwis Soesanto
VU Student Number : 3712716
Tutorial Group : Tutorial 4
Date of Submission : 21st September 2005
Lecturer 's Name : Ms. Greeja De Silva Table of Contents
Table of Contents 1
Introduction 2
Discussion
Four Elements of Management by Objectives 3 Three Problems Faced 4 Management by objective and its application 4
Conclusion 5 Introduction
How do managers plan? Do they must plan effectively? Do they plan alone? To understand these we must first understand what planning is.
Planning is:
1. Way of forecasting and predicting what will happen in the future to achieve goals and to cope with problems.
2. A process that involves defining the organization 's goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate organizational work (Robbins et al. 2003).
3. The process by which managers establish goals and define the methods by which these goals and action statements (Dunham 1989)
4. The process of coping with uncertainty by formulating future courses of action to achieve specified results (Kreitner 2004).
There are two ways in setting organizational goals, which are traditional goal settings and management by objectives.
Management by objectives is:
1. A method where managers and their employees define the goals together, how to achieve the goals, and monitor the process.
2. A management system in which specific performance goals are jointly determined by employees and their managers, progress toward accomplishing those goals is
References: Daft, Richard L. & Marcic, Dorothy , 2001, Understanding Management, 3rd edn, Harcourt College, United States of America. Dunham, Randall B. & Pierce, Jon L. , 1989, Management, Scott Foreman And Company, United States of America. Kreitner, Robert , 2004, Management, 9th edn, Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. Kuzuhara, Aldag , 2002, Organisational Behavior and Management: An Integrated Skills Approach, South-Western, United States of America. Low, YK. & friends , 1999, Management by Objectives for Better Management Effectiveness in the SAF, viewed 12 August 2005, Robbins, Stephen P., Bergman, R., Stagg, I., Coulter, M., 2003, Foundations of Management, Prentice Hall, China Daft, Richard L. & Marcic, Dorothy , 2001, Understanding Management, 3rd edn, Harcourt College, United States of America. Dunham, Randall B. & Pierce, Jon L., 1989, Management, Scott Foreman And Company, United States of America. Kreitner, Robert, 2004, Management, 9th edn, Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. Kuzuhara, Adage, 2002, Organisational Behavior and Management: An Integrated Skills Approach, South-Western, United States of America. Low, YK. & friends , 1999, Management by Objectives for Better Management Effectiveness in the SAF, viewed 12 August 2005, Robbins, Stephen P., Bergman, R., Stagg, I., Coulter, M., 2003, Foundations of Management, Prentice Hall, China