•Between 634 and 650 the Arabs captured the Byzantines as well as the Egyptians, the Syrians, and the area of Tunisia. The land lost to them and the Muslims was never gained back, even after the Empire’s military strength was regained. The crusades in the Middle East helped to spread Christianity for a short time before the foothold was lost to the Muslims…
Abbasid Caliphate Dynasty of caliphs who ruled an increasingly fragmented Islamic state from 750 to 1258, eventually becoming little more than figureheads Al-Andalus Arabic name for Spain (literally "land of the Vandals"), most of which was conquered by Arab and Berber forces in the early 8th century C.E. Anatolia Ancient name of Asia Minor, part of Byzantine Empire that was gradually overrun by the Turks and that's now the Republic of Turkey Battle of Talas River Arab victory over the Chinese in 751 C.E. that checked Chinese expansion to the west and enabled the conversion of Central Asia to Islam Bedouins Nomadic Arabs dhimmis "Protected subjects" under Islamic rule, non-Muslims who were allowed to practice their faith as "people of the book" in return for their paying special taxes Al-Ghazali Great Muslim theologian, legal scholar, and Sufi mystic (1058-1111) who was credited with incorporating Sufism into mainstream Islamic thought hadiths Traditions passed on about the saying or actions of Muhammad and his immediate followers; rank second only to Quran as a source of Islamic law hajj The pilgrimage to Mecca enjoined on every Muslim who's able to make the journey; one of the five pillars of Islam hijra The "flight" of Muhammad and his original 70 followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later Medina) in 622 C.E.; journey marks starting point of Islamic calendar House of Wisdom…
Some could say that what contributed to the rapid spread of Islam are their Muslim leader and his god Allah. Socially Muhammad contributed by spreading his visions and new religious beliefs. As he became more known people started to accept his beliefs and visions. Which would later help build an army for the Islamic people to fight for the name of Allah. This also didn’t help either though as he began to gain enemies who weren’t very fond of beliefs. Thus leading him to leaving to go to Medina known as the hijra. Were he ultimately becomes the leader of Medina were the people are more of a receptive audience and this is where his followers becomes very populated. Politically Islam had the upper hand, Byzantine and Persia having been exhausted by the protracted conflicts made them both vulnerable. As Muhammad taken over lands from Byzantine and Persia he began to take in more people, growing his army, society, and religious beliefs.…
Islam appeared in the Arabian Peninsula, and this religion reflected the cultural conditions of it’s homeland. Living in Arabia has always been hard because of the bad agriculture and the harsh climates. However people have been able to survive for a long time and they built a strong empire that was based upon family and submission. Arabia figured out the trading opportunities and took advantage of them. Arabia became an important trading center for India china and the Mediterranean. Plus they started receiving commodities. With the awake of classical empires, trade routes became insecure. Merchants abandoned the overland routes and they started using sea routes that passed through the Arabian Peninsula. This greatly influenced the economy of the city of Mecca.…
Unlike the Mongols, the Islamic empire originated out of a religion. Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570 AD. He had a small group of followers in his radically different religion and with them, he created the now known religion of Islam (Pollard pg. 304). The vibrant passion of the believers of Islam is what helped to spread it so far and so fast. Within a hundred years, Islam had spread as far as North Africa, sweeping down the east coast of Africa, into southern Europe, and finally into present day India and central Asia (Pollard pg. 306-307) The Islamic empire contained so many vastly different peoples that the leading rulers, the Abbasids, started to conscript local Arab men into their armies to help keep control. As time went by though, the empire continued to grow and eventually, the Abbasid turned to nomadic groups to be hired out as mercenaries (Pollard pg. 309). This was a shift in how empires created armies. Different from the Mongols that relied entirely on their own strength for all military purposes, the Islamic empire chose to focus on spreading their religion and knowledge and leave the fighting to their hired…
Before the prophet Muhammad was born Islam originated from the Arabian Peninsula spread throughout the land mostly by caravan trade. Much like Greece and Rome, Arabia was divided into tribes and cities, with different gods and goddesses they were devoted to, around sixth century A.D. Once a year the polytheistic people would meet in Mecca and pray at the Kaaba, which is now has a different meaning, to pray to their gods during Hajj. A few years after having his first vision Muhammad thought to be the last prophet for Allah, was forced to flee Mecca, his homeland, for the fear…
Islam is a constantly spreading religion embraced by many. It was inspired in 610 CE, when a man named Muhammad went to a cave in Mount Hira to pray. It was claimed that there, an angel named Gabriel told Muhammad of a one true god named Allah. This inspired Muhammad to spread the ideas of Allah, beginning the world-wide religion known as Islam. Although it met much resistance in the city of Mecca at first, the religion grew and Muhammad was seen as a prophet of Allah. After Muhammad’s death in 632 CE, all of his teachings were recorded in a book called the Qur’an, and the religion continued on to spread. Within 100 years of Muhammad's death, Islam had spread past the Middle East and went to other continents, such as, Africa, Asia, and Europe (Background Essay). Which begs the question, why did Islam spread so fast?…
Religion was an important factor in the re-emergence of post-classical civilizations in both the Middle East and Europe. Both the religions of Christianity and Islam had their origins in the Semitic Near East and had spread widely throughout both regions by 1200 CE. This is because both were easy to convert to and traveled along the trade routes of the Roman Empire prior to its collapse and through jihad by the caliphs that followed Muhammad after his death. A difference between these two religions in regards to their spread was how people converted. Early in Christianity, people came to the religion based on the efforts of missionaries. Later as Christianity was spread by the Franks (particularly Charlemagne), it was a forced conversion. Evidence is also seen in this in the…
Christianity and Islam are two of the most practiced religions in the world, and have been for centuries. These two faiths are both monotheistic, which means they worship one God, or Allah. Started over 2000 years ago, Christianity is based on the teachings and life of Jesus Christ and was spread throughout the Roman Empire. The religion of Islam began early in 600 C.E. by the prophet Muhammad, and he spread the word of Allah. These religions spread quickly in Europe and the Middle East. As they progressed, new trading routes came about in these areas. Overtime, Christianity and Islam developed opinions about the trading and businesses activity and the people who pursued it. According to the religion’s holy books, the Bible and Qur’an,…
In my opinion the most important factor of Islam’s expansion was that other religions were attracted to follow Islam. Many people whose countries had been taken over by Byzantine and Persian empires hated their rulers and welcomed the Muslim invaders for freeing them. Islam gave them knowledge and education; as Islam was the newest…
The Islamic religion was founded by a man named Muhammad. Muhammad was born into the most powerful tribe in Mecca, the Quraish, around 570 A.D. When he was forty he started hearing voices and having visions. To clear his mind he would sometimes meditate on Mount Hira, near Mecca. On one of these occasions the archangel Gabriel appeared to him. This was one of the first revelations that became the basis of the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam. This is important because there are still countries and people who practice the Islamic…
In the early centuries, two major religions emerged that would dominate their respective regions. Islam was founded by Muhammad, an Arab merchant, in the 7th century CE. Jesus, a Jewish carpenter, founded Christianity in the Roman Empire during the 1st century CE. Initially, Muslims promoted trade while Christians had a negative view of merchants and trade. By 1500 CE, however, it became evident that these attitudes had become increasingly similar, with Muslims more skeptical of trade and Christians being more tolerant towards it.…
Religion of Islam emerged and spread rapidly through Southwest Asia, North Africa, and parts of Europe…
The main religion in the Middle East around 600-1450 C.E. was Islam. Islam began with Muhammad. At the age of forty (in 610 C.E.), Muhammad went up into the mountains near Mecca and into a cave. He prayed for several weeks. “An angel, Gabriel, came to him and conveyed the revelations”. Muhammad was told to tell others about these revelations. Those revelations became the Qur'an, which…
Contacts between the Turks and Arabs commenced at the beginning of the 8th century and some of the Turks began to favour Islam. However the pro-Arab policies of the Omayads (661-750 A.D) restricted these relations somewhat. Later, many Moslem Turks took office in the Abbside government and because of this, great interest in the Islamic world spread among the Turks beyond the River Ceyhun. Commercial caravans also played a major role in the spread of Islam into the steppes of Central Asia. The Turks became fully Moslem by the 10th century, and this resulted in the achievement to political unity. Following these developments, the first Moslem Turkish state was formed by the Karahans.…