– a literature review on the factors enhancing human development
Abstract: It is said that the interplay of nature and nurture shapes human development across life pan. However, somebody stated that people contribute actively to their development. On the other hand, a research reported that “Parental background is so dominant in terms ofpredicting and influencing children’s future prospects”. this article is going to discuss the factors which influenced human development, and find out how those factors affect the development of human growth.
Keywords: nature, nurture, human development, life span
Introduction
The term “nature” refers to an organism’s biological inheritance. The term “nurture” refers to an organism’s environmental experiences. The interaction of nature and nurture, of genes and environment, influenced every aspect of mind and behavior to a degree. Neither factor operates alone.(Gottlieb, 2007; Mader, 2008; Rutter, 2007). Base on the above perspective, this article is going to discuss the factors which influenced human development.
The idea of “Nature” shapes human development Developmental psychologists are increasingly acknowledging the active role of the person in his or her own development (Brandstadter, 2006). As Roger stated “man ……is a person in the process of creating himself, a person who creates meaning in his life”(Shlien, 1963, p.307). In Childhood and society(1963), Erikson partitioned the life span into eight separate stages of psychosocial ego development, each stage in the life cycle has an optimal time in which it is dominant and hence emerges, and that when all of the stages have unfolded according to plan, a fully functioning personality comes into existence. As interpreted by Hjelle and Ziegler(1992), Erikson believe people are constantly being challenged by psychosocial crises, each of which is potentially conductive to growth