The Lifestyle of the Retired Public Elementary School Teachers and Administrators in Valenzuela City

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Careers and life cycle have been he focus of various theories and studies for quite a number of years.
Most people assumed that careers involve working in an organization; then an individual will try to move up in an organizational ladder, acquire more influence and a bigger income; lead the organization, and finally retire pursuing other interests or live a life of recluse. According to a conventional view of career pattern, an individual trains for a career, works in that career for about 30 to 40 years, and then retires.

Background of the Study Retirement pertains to that time when employees leave their jobs or profession by reason of age, illness, or disability. Among teachers, the compulsory retirement age is 65 years old while the optional retirement age is 60 years or at least 15 years in the government service. Those who are in the government service are contributing members to the Government Service Insurance Sytem (GSIS) which in effect are entitled to receive retirement benefits from the pension plan. They have the option to choose from three retirement plans from the GSIS. Republic Act 1616 refers to grativity retirement, where he reirees’ agency pays for the retirement benefits and wherein no pension fund is paid. Republic Act 660 or the Magic 87 specifies that the sum of the length of service and the age of the retiree is 87. The retiree shall be entitled to a pension and a lump sum of payment. Republic Act 8291, the GSIS Act of 1997 is the prevailing package through which members can maximize the benefits due them. The retiree can either (1) get a five-year lump sum wherein payment begins after five years from receipt of the lump sum and (2) to get a lump sum of equivalent to 18 months of pension as advance payment plus automatic payment of pension from the day of retirement. When teachers retire, it is expected that teacher-retirees will encounter problems and their lifestyle will dramatically change. These problems will include those pertaining to income and savings, diet and exercise, health/health condition, leisure activities, social involvement, and other occupation/career engaged in.

Theoretical Framework People anticipating a career spanning more than three decades may choose to pursue schooling, career hiatus, or sabbatical leave, re-schooling and so on. The evolving work and retirement patterns of baby boomers, the first generation cohort to experience superlongevity en masse, provide any cluse to how careers and post career life will evolve over the next several decades. Baby boomers are transforming the retirment phase from one whose principal activity is leisure to one that emphaiszes the pursuit of new interest, avocation, and careers. Some teachers retired early 50 to 62 years old for various reasons: disability, lingering disease, working abroad, boredom or dissatisfaction with the educational system. Others who retired late in compulsory age of 63 to 65 years old do not live a life of recluse. Instead some of them may still be active and involve themselves in church activities as cathechism work, teach in college or in private university. This researcher observed that some teacher-retirees have to work because their pension is not enough for medical/hospitalization expenses. This researcher, therefore, is interested to validate some of her observations in order to help teacher-retirees live a satisfying and fulfilled life by proposing programs and projects for their welfare.

The schematic diagram of the study is show below. INPUT | PROCESS | OUTPUT |
Profile of Retirees 1. Age 2. Gender 3. Civil Status 4. Educational Attainment 5. Position held before retirement 6. Number of years retired
Factors that affect life of the retirees 1. Income and Savings 2. Diet and Exercise 3. Health/Medical Status 4. Hobbies and leisure Activities 5. Social Activities and Involvement 6. Religious activities and Involvement 7. Other Occupation/
Career Engaged 8. Over-all satisfaction and General well -being

Problems Encountered by retirees
Profile of Retirees 7. Age 8. Gender 9. Civil Status 10. Educational Attainment 11. Position held before retirement 12. Number of years retired
Factors that affect life of the retirees 9. Income and Savings 10. Diet and Exercise 11. Health/Medical Status 12. Hobbies and leisure Activities 13. Social Activities and Involvement 14. Religious activities and Involvement 15. Other Occupation/
Career Engaged 16. Over-all satisfaction and General well -being

Problems Encountered by retirees

* To improve the way of living after retirement * Awareness on the consequences of retirement

* To improve the way of living after retirement * Awareness on the consequences of retirement

Administration of Questionnaire

Interview of Respondents

Statistical treatment

Administration of Questionnaire

Interview of Respondents

Statistical treatment

Fig. 1 Research Paradigm

Figure 1 shows the research paradigm of the study consisting of input, process, and output. The input pertains to the profile of the retirees as to age, gender civil status, educational attainment position held before retirement and number of years retired factors that affect life of the retirees, and problems encountered by retirees. The process includes the administration of questionnaire and interview of respondents. The output involves the improvement of the way of living before retirement and awareness on the consequences of retirement

Statement of the Problem This study investigated the factors associated with the lifestyle of selected retired public school teacher retirees in Valenzuela City. 1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the following: 2.1 Age 2.2 Gender 2.3 Civil Status 2.4 Educational attainment 2.5 Position held before retirement 2. What is the level of life satisfaction of teacher retirees in terms of the following. 3.6 General well-being 3.7 Leisure activities 3.8 Diet and exercise 3.9 Income and Savings 3.10 Social involvement 3.11 Health and health condition 3.12 Other occupation/career engaged in 3. Is there significant relationship between the profile and the level of life satisfaction of teacher retirees? 4. To what degree of seriousness are the problems encountered by teacher respondents after retirement? 5. What measures are suggested by teacher respondents to address the problems? 6. What are the implications of the findings of the study to the development of retirement probrams and projects of the government?

Null Hypothesis There is no significant relationship between the respondent teacher-retirees’ demographic profile and their level of life satisfaction.

Significance of the Study The study will benefit the readers in general, specifically policy makers in the government and interested parties in the private sector and future researchers. Generally, it is hoped that the readers of this study will arrive at better understanding of life after retirement their financial, health, leisure, social, religious and satisfaction among others. In doing so, they can prepare for their future when they retire and lead a more fruitful and satisfying life during their “golden years.” The social welfare department of the government may utilize the findings of this study to map out viable programs and projects for teacher – retirees in the other aspects of the educational programs it is pursuing. The private sectors may think of services to offer to these retires to make their lives still useful and more fruitful. They may map out programs and projects that can cater to the needs of the retirees. For future researchers, this study will provide baseline data which they can utilize in developing their own theoretical or conceptual framework for their studies. Findings of this research will boost their confidence and morale and pursue similar studies with persistence no matter how they may be. Moreover, the instruments developed this study which may be found valid and reliable can be utilized by future researchers, educational practitioners and other interest persons.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study deals with the factors that affect the life of the respondents after retirement. These factors include: income and savings diet and exercise, and physical health, pursued and satisfaction and general well-being. It will involve about forty (40) teachers in the public schools who had retired between ages 60 – 65 in Valenzuela City. These teacher retirees will be requested to act as respondents to the researcher made interview guide and questionnaire. These retirees position before they retired may include division supervisor, district supervisors, principals, master teachers and teachers. The use of the questionnaire will be complemented by the use of interview guide to yield both quantitative and qualitative data, This study will be undertaken within the span of one year, i.e. 2010.
Definition of Terms In order to preclude misunderstanding, the following terms used in this study are defined. Background questions. This pertains to questions asked by an interviewer or on a questionnaire to obtain information about a respondent’s background (age, gender, occupation, etc.) Career anchor. This pertains to an individual sense of the kind of work a person seeks or pursue and what type of work implies about the individual.
Career plateau. This pertains to a career stage in which the likelihood of additional hierarchical promotion is very low.
Case study. This pertains to a form of qualitative research in which a single individual or example is studied through extensive data collection.
Closed-ended questions. This pertains to a question and a list of alternative responses from which the respondents selects.
Diet. This pertains to the type and range of food the teachers-retirees regularly eat.
Income. This pertains to the money that teacher-retirees receive regularly.
Open-ended question. This pertains to a question giving respondent complete freedom of response.
Qualitative research. This pertains to research in which the investigator attempts to study naturally occurring phenomena and all their complexity.
Retirement. This pertains to the time when teachers leave their jobs or profession by reason of age, illness, or disability.
Superlongevity Revolution. This pertains to a trend in which the average life expectancy across the globe has increased dramatically that will enable people to live longer, healthier and productive lives.
Triagulation. This pertains to cross-checking of data using multiple data sources or multiple data-collection procedures.
Validity. This pertains to the degree to which correct inferences can be made on results from an instrument.

Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature This chapter presents a review of related local and foreign literature and studies relevant to the present study. It guides the researcher in the formulation of the conceptual framework and in the preparation of research design, methodology, sampling techniques and instrumentation. Later, related literature and studies may support and substantiate the findings of the present study.

Local Literature The focus of the local literature is to describe retirement years and other relevant concepts. Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely.
A person may also semi-retire and keep some sort of jobs, although usually out of choice rather than necessity.

According to Mercene (2007), most people’s lives have followed a fairly conventional and predictable life-career pattern. A person trains for a career for a set period of time. (e.g. college, technical training), works in that career for 30 to 40 years and then retires to pursue leisure, interest and hobbies. Retirement is the period in a person’s life when he stops working and may either live a life of recluse or pursue other interest not related to one’s job or career before retirement. However, superlongevity will change many of the old rules governing how people pursue their careers. People will use the luxury of time that superlongevity affords them to pursue advanced education well into their late 20’s. It will become the norm for those in their 40’s and 50’s expecting to spend another 30 years or more in the workforce to withdraw from the labor force, return to school and start a whole new career. According to the paper prepared by Prama Foundation, Inc. Philippines, for the High-level Meeting on the Regional Review of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA) on October 9-10, 2007, Macao, China, the Philippine Government adopted programs and initiatives that will uplift the welfare of Filipino Senior citizens.

These programs, projects and activities are categorized into three areas, namely; 1) Older Persons and Development, 2) Advancing Health and Well-Being into Old Age, and 3) Ensuring Enabling and Supportive Environment. Under Older Persons and Development category, notable programs and projects being undertaken by the national and local government are as follows: * Organization and functionality of the Office of Senior Citizens Affairs in 100% local government units * Providing accessible micro credit/finance to senior citizens * Passage of senior citizens legislative agenda * Pre-retirement orientation program in every government and private agencies * Tri-media campaign in promoting positive images of senior citizens at national and regional level.

Under the Advancing Health and Well-Being into Old Age category, the following programs and projects are worth mentioning: * Conduct of fora, workshop, seminar and short talk on ageing which is the process of optimizing opportunities for health, income, participation and security in order to enhance the quality of life as people age. * Establishment of Geriatic wards in every government and private hospitals * Expansion of coverage/improvement of accessibility and affordability of social and healthcare to majority of indigent senior citizens.
Under the Ensuring Enabling and Supportive Environment category. * Development/implementation/replicating of new and existing innovative community-based programs addressing the independent living concerns of senior citizens. * Support to accredited residential/group homes/senior citizens center to be provided with 50% discount for utilities and technical assistance. * Enhancement of standards to ensure quality care in formal care setting as well as standards for licensing and accreditation of existing health care providers and facilities. * Making consumer services for senior citizens more accessible and responsive.
To date, three significant laws for senior citizens, 60 years old and above have been passed in the Philippines Congress. These are the:

1. Republic Act No. 7432 entitle An Act to Maximize the Contribution of Senior Citizens to Nation Building, Grant Benefits and Special Privileges and For Other Purposes.

RA 7432 was enacted into a law in 1992. It allows any qualified senior citizen to render the following services to the community:

7. tutorial and/or consultancy services 8. actual teaching and demonstration of hobbies and income generating skills 9. lectures on specialized fields like agriculture, health, environmental protection and the like. 10. transfer of new skills acquired by virtue of their training 11. undertaking other appropriate services as determined by the Office of Senior Citizens Affairs (OSCA) such as school traffic guide, tourist aide, or pre-school assistant.
Six privileges for the senior citizens are stipulated in this law. These are as follows: 1. the grant of twenty percent (20%) discount from all establishments relative to utilization of transportation services, hotels and similar lodging establishment, restaurants and recreation centers and purchase of medicine anywhere in the country. 2. a minimum of twenty percent (20%) discount on admission fees charged by theaters, cinema houses and concert halls, circuses, carnivals and other similar places of culture, leisure, and amusement 3. exemption from the payment of individual income taxes. 4. exemption from training fees for socioeconomic programs undertaken by the Office of Senior Citizens Affair (OSCA). 5. free medical and dental services in government hospitals in the country. 6. to the extent practicable and feasible, the continuance of the same benefits and privileges given by the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), Social Security System (SSS) and PAG-IBIG as enjoyed by those in actual service.

2. Republic Act 9257 enacted on February 26, 2004 entitled “An Act Granting additional benefits and privileges to Senior Citizens amending for the purpose Republic Act 7432 (An Act to Maximize the Contribution of Senior Citizens to Nation Building, Grant Benefits and Special Privileges and for other Purposes)

This law provides, a senior citizen is define as “any resident citizen of the Philippines at least sixty (60) years old, including those who have retired from both government offices and private enterprises.

As a centerpiece provision of this law, senior citizens are entitled to: 1) free medical and dental service, diagnostic and laboratory fees in all government facilities, 2)free training fees for socioeconomic programs, 3)free educational assistance to senior citizens to pursue post-secondary, tertiary and post tertiary, 4) 20 percent discount on all transportation means (air, sea, land), 5) 20 percent discount on establishments relative to utilization of services in hotels and similar lodging establishment, 6) 20 percent discount on medical and dental service, diagnostic and laboratory fees including professional fees of attending doctors in all private hospitals and medical facilities, 7) 20 percent discount on restaurants and recreation centers, theaters, cinema houses and other similar places of culture, leisure, and amusement, 8) 20 percent discount on funeral and burial services for the death of the senior citizen, 9) exemption from the payment of individual income taxes provided that their annual taxable income does not exceed the poverty level as determined by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). , 10) continuance of the same benefits and privileges given by the Government Service Insurance System, the Social Security System and PAG-IBIG, 11) grant of special discounts in special programs for senior citizens on the purchase of basic commodities, and 12)provision of express lanes for senior citizens in all commercial and government establishments. 3. Republic Act 7876 or otherwise known as the “Senior Citizens Center Act of the Philippines was enacted in 1995. The center is intended to be used as venues for the delivery of integrated and comprehensive social services to senior citizens with the supervision of the Department of Social Welfare and Development and the local government units.
Offices of Senior Citizens 4. The Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 CRA gives the elderly benefits and privileges not included in the Senior Citizens Act of 1992 (Republic Act No. 7432).
Some five million senior citizens, defined as resident citizens of the Philippines aged 60 and above, will get the following: * A 20-percent discount and exemption from the value-added tax on the sale of goods and services (medicines, medical and dental fees, transport fares, services in hotels and restaurants, admission fees in theaters and other places of leisure. * Mandatory PhilHealth coverage * Free medical and dental service, diagnostic, and laboratory fees in all government facilities * A monthly stipend of Php500 * For indigents, a Php1,500- monthly stipend and free vaccination against the influenza virus and pneumococcal disease. * A five-percent discount on water bills (if consumption is less than 30 cubic meters a month) and electric bills (if consumption is less than 100 kilowatt-hours) and * Educational assistance for those who shall meet school admission requirements.

Contributing members to the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) are entitle to receive retirement benefits from the pension fund.
Three retirement laws are available to retirees from the government service.

They are as follows:
Republic Act 1616 refers to gratuity retirement, where the retiree’s agency pays for the retirement benefits and wherein no pension fund is paid. The retiree is entitled to the refund of retirement premiums he or she had paid the GSIS plus the government share for the said premium. The law has a provision, though, that the agency shall not be a provision, though, that the agency shall not be required to pay the retirement gratuity if it does not have the funds for it.
Republic Act 660 or the Magic 87 specifies that the sum of the length of service and the age of the retiree is 87. The retiree shall be entitled to a pension and a lump sum payment. Lump sum payments are based on the computed pension and not on the employee’s monthly salary at the time of retirement.
Republic Act 8291, the GSIS Act of 1997, is the prevailing package through which members can maximize the benefits due them. To be eligible under this retirement program, the retiree must at least be 60 years old upon retirement, has been in the service for at east 15 years and must not have applied for permanent total disability pension.
There are two options under RA8291: 1) A five-year lump sum is paid as an advance of first five years’ pension. Pension payment starts after five years from receipt of the lump sum. 2) A lump sum equivalent to 18 months of pension shall be given as advance payment to the retiree, plus automatic payment of pension from the day of retirement. Pension shall be paid for the whole of the retiree’s lifetime.
The Social Security System of the Philippines or SSS Retirement Benefits spells out the benefits receives by retirees from their private employers. There are two types of retirement benefits, to wit: the monthly pension, and the lump sum amount.
The monthly pension is a lifetime cash benefit paid to a retiree who has paid at least 120 monthly contributions to the SSS prior to the semester of retirement.
The lump sum amount is granted to a retiree who has not paid the required 120 monthly contributions to the SSS. It is equal to the total contributions paid by the member and by the employer including interest.
On the other hand, Republic Act No. 7641 or the Retirement Pay Law applies to all employees in the private sector, regardless of their position, designation or statues and irrespective of the method by which their wages are paid. They include part-time employees, employees of service and other job contractors and domestic helpers or persons in the Personal service of another.
A covered employee who retires pursuant to RA 7641 is entitled to retirement pay equivalent to at least one-half (1/2) month salary for every year of service, a fraction of at least six (6) months being considered as one whole year. As provided is RA 7742, a private employer shall have the option to treat the coverage of the PAG-IBIG Fund as a substitute retirement benefit for the employee concerned within the purview of the Labor Code as amended.
Qualified Workers are entitled to the retirement benefit under RA 7641 in the absence of any individual or collective agreement, company policy or practice. In case there is such an agreement, policy or practice providing retirement benefit which is equal or superior to that which is provided in the Act, said agreement, policy or practice will prevail.

Foreign literature Retirement is considered the end stage of a linear working life. Rich (2004) identified five phases of retirement. They are: Phase I - Pre-retirement,Phase II – Honeymoon, Phase III – Disenchantment, Phase IV – Reorientation, and Phase V – Stability. During the Pre-retirement Phase, the primary work involves preparing for retirement and gearing up for separation from work. It begins with awareness of retirement and ends with acceptance of retirement. The Honeymoon Phase starts when a retiree tends to react to new retirement by automatically responding to whatever comes up and acting without any real plan other than to be retired and free of work. However, as the retiree passes through this phase, he begins to react less to his new retirement and moves toward a time and mind-set where he is more aware of the present as well as of the years of retirement ahead. The end of the phase is marked by a more planned approach on how to spend days, time and energy. An important goal during this phase is to both pace oneself and plan for the present and future. The Disenchantment Phase begins with the realities of adjustment to the retirement life and an awareness that the honeymoon is over and life is now falling into a pattern of new routines. The tasks of this phase include the ability to adjust to this new set of routines and different pace of life and reflect on the emotional and spiritual realities of retirement. The Reorientation Phase sees the active development of ideas and a movement toward a more balanced life and diversified set of interests, activities, relationships, and routines. It opens with one’s determination to decide for oneself how things will be and not just settle for the way they “have” to be. This phase ends as one moves into the next and final phase in one’s personal development as a retiree and is marked by a sense of direction. The Stability Phase begins with a sense of what one wants to do and how one wants to live one’s life and is marked by a sense of exploration – a willingness to experiment with new ideas, relationships, interests, and activities. When a retiree feels comfortable in his retirement, he has reached that final goal of stability and has arrived fully and firmly in his retired life. Inflation, increasing health care costs and inadequate pensions are propelling older adults to remain or re-enter the workforce past the traditional retirement age (Doeringer, 2000; Glied and Stabile, 2002; Herz, 2005). In this model, retirement as a permanent separation from work becomes just a temporary choice. It is being replaced with the idea of bridge employment (Weckerle and Shultz, 2000). Bridging is a form of partial retirement in which an older worker alternates periods of disengagement from the workplace with periods of temporary, part-time, occasional or self-employed work. It allows older workers to “practice” an initial period of retirement. With declining birthrates and an anticipated shortage of new entrants to the workforce, early retirement will become an issue for organizations to explore in more detail. The workplace becomes a dynamic space for older workers rather than a unidirectional journey leading to retirement. An adult education perspective for the third stage of working life – beyond the traditional retirement age will view the older worker as an active agent negotiating various roles within the workspace. According to Dr. Michael G. Zey (2007), as people begin to routinely live to ages 100 – 120, the career lifecycle would be transformed. A person would traditionally undergo training, then pursue a single career, and retire for good at age 55 or 60. Now, as people live longer, a new model will emerge. People will pursue second, even third careers, which will include training, career, maybe a hiatus and then retraining, and moving into a different career. When he starts to extend life that far, the concept of re-careering is going to become prominent. Zey sees people having 80 - year careers.

Related Studies
Local Sources A July 2005 Government of the Republic of the Philippines – United Nations Development Programme (GRP- UNDP) study on transforming the PNP into a more capable, effective and credible police force discussed the problem brought about by the mandatory retirement age of 56. The Study is the main basis of the integrated PNP transformation program being undertaken by the PNP leadership under Director General Jesus A. Verzosa. In fact, the GRP-UNDP study said, “the legislated mandatory retirement age of 56 years for all policemen undermines the institutional stability and continuity of the PNP. It deprives the force of the benefit of the service officials who are at the height of their career and capacity to perform when they are compulsory retired. Thus, it was recommended that a new law be drafted and passed to extend the compulsory retirement age of 56 in the police force. The Ageing Workforce Study (2008) shows that employers believe retirement benefits will become more important in the future. Salaries and other cash compensation will clearly remain very important in attracting the workers of the future just as they do today. The study found that 66 percent of employers believe that the employees’ appreciation of the retirement benefits will increase. According to the Watson Wyatt Study, employers have singled out healthcare as the benefit to which their employees currently attach the greatest importance. Kim (2002) identified the top five problems encountered by retirees: 1) declining health, 2) delay in the release of the benefits payment to employees, 3) lack of information of employees on the new legal policies pertaining to benefits and retirement program, 4) delay in payment of premium by members under the voluntary retirement plan, 5) lack of support for members in the effective implementation of the benefit and retirement program. Locsin’s (1993) study found out that the public school teachers were not familiar with the available retirement plans of the government for its employees. They even encountered problems in claiming their benefits which resulted in the negative feedbacks they registered for their offices and the Government Service and Insurance System (GSIS). Raras’ (2001) study examined the informal support provided by the family to the elderly in an urban community. She concluded that the extended family has a major bearing on the viability and potentials of support for the elderly. An extensive network of kin which functions within a structure of traditional norms of close family bond enables the family to serve the aged despite meager resources and critical circumstances. The quality of support the aging receives depends on the quality of relationship one has established through life. Penaranda’s (2000) study revealed that the spiritual dimension in the aging life stands out as a strong motivating force and the source of balance in their struggle against poverty and injustice.

Foreign Sources According to Abraham and Houseman’s study (2004), many more people express an interest in working at older ages than end up doing so. In the first wave of the Health and Retirement Study (IIRS), 73 percent of workers age 52 – 61 said that they would like to continue paid work following retirement. In their study about work and retirement plans among older Americans, a quarter among older workers planned to stop work altogether and 18 percent planned to reduce their work hours as have plans to retire fully, the former are about half as likely as the latter to follow through on their plans. In many circumstances, however, an employee wishing to reduce work hours will need to find another job. Yet older workers, as a group, find the transition to new employment particularly difficult (Chan and Stevens, 2001). Even before the abolition of mandatory retirement, the United States had a far larger proportion of people working beyond the age of 60 or 65 than is currently the case in the Britain countries. Most people in Britain retire before state pension age and a large proportion retire before they reach the normal retirement age in their job (Disney and Smith, 2002). Only a minority reaches normal retirement age and would prefer to continue working beyond retirement age. In most jobs, it was found out that there is no difference between the productivity of older and younger worker. Few older workers remain in the kind of jobs requiring physical strength or rapid processing of new information, where productivity performance deteriorates with age (Meadows, 2003). In the Retirement Survey (2003), only eight percent of men continued to work after the age of 65 (half of whom were self-employed) and a quarter of them retired at age 66 and a further 30 percent at 67. Three-fourths retired at age 66 and a further 30 percent at 67. By the time men reach state pension age, only a minority are working. Around one in eight men leave work between the ages of 59 and 61, while 17 percent leave at age 65. Anxiety generally increases with age. However, performance in comprehension and knowledge test tends to improve up to the age of 70. In verbal meaning tests, performance either improves with age or remains stable (Warr, 2004). In physical capacity tests, active 65 year olds do as well as active 25 – year olds, but inactive counterparts do not. There is evidence that older people’s performance is much better on familiar tasks than unfamiliar ones (Williamson and McNamara, 2001). It was also found out in several studies that older workers work harder and more effectively, think before acting, have better interpersonal skills, work better in teams, are less likely to leave, have lower rates of absenteeism, have better motivation, have fewer accidents, have more experience and have better knowledge of the company and its products (Michell, 2000; Levine, 2001, Warr, 2004; Joblonski, 2000). Those who stop working for a particular employer and draw a pension may not actually be retiring but may continue working in another job. This is the most common pattern in the U.S. (Davey, 2002).
Relevance of the Reviewed literature and Studies The afore-cited literatures and studies where utilized to develop instruments/questionnaire and provided content of the items included in the questionnaire. It also guided the researcher on the method to be employed in this research.

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the research design, the setting of the study, the respondents, the sampling procedure, the research instrument, the data gathering, and the statistical treatment of data.
Research Method Used The descriptive method of research will be employed in this study. The case study method will be utilized to gather the necessary information about the respondents/informants. This method will involve the researcher to inquire deeper and examine thoroughly the behaviors of the respondents. This means that the data to be collected will include the past experiences and present condition of the subjects as well as their environment. The researcher will attempt to find out how these factors relate to one another and how they have affected the subjects. Although this study is more of qualitative type of research, it will also try to deal with quantities. Therefore, this study will employ both qualitative and quantitative types of research.
Population and Sampling Scheme This study will employ purposive sampling, a kind of nonrandom sampling method. A purposive sample is a nonrandom sample selected because prior knowledge suggests it is representative, or because those selected have the needed information.
Setting of the Study The City of Valenzuela, once part of Polo, Bulacan is located at the northernmost part of Metro Manila. It is bounded on the north by the Pangkera River, on the south by the Tullahan River, on the east by the cities of Calookan and Quezon and on the west by Malabon and Obando. Its land area is 47 square Kilometers. It has 32 barangays. The manufacturing sector has topped Valenzuela’s list of business establishments in the last couple of years followed by retailing, merchandising and contracting. Altogether, more than 6,500 business outlets have been tracked down by the Permits and Licenses Section of the Bureau of Internal Revenue covering the Valenzuela area. More than 30 commercial banks are operating by now in the City, among them are: Banco de Oro, China Bank, Bank of the Philippines Islands, Metro Bank, Land Bank of the Philippines, and East West Bank. At present, there are 38 public elementary schools and 19 public secondary schools. A total of 57 public schools are now serving about 100,000 student populations.
The Respondents of the Study About Forty (40) public school teacher-retirees in Valenzuela City will be utilized in this study. They will be composed of former teachers, school principals, and district supervisors who have retired for not more than fifteen years.

Data Gathering Instrument The researcher will utilize a questionnaire to collect the necessary data. The questionnaire which consists of two parts will include open-ended questions. Open-ended questions allow for more individualized responses. The questionnaire will be shown to the Advisor for his comments and suggestions thereby improving the instrument’s validity. After incorporating the comments and suggestions into the questionnaire, the final copy of the instrument will be prepared. Then, the questionnaire will be tried out to at least three (3) teacher-retirees not included in the sample to determine if the questions are clear and that the words used are understood by the respondents.
Data Gathering Procedure After the final form of the questionnaire is approved and reproduced, the researcher will undertake the interview with the respondents.
As regards data collection, the researcher will employ both observation and interviewing techniques. The role of the researcher will be that of a complete observer. Certain kinds of research questions can best be answered by observing how people act or how things look. On the other hand, interviewing people aims to find out what is on their mind– what they think or how they feel about something. The questionnaire to be employed during the interview is structured. The instrument consists of a set of questions designed to elicit specific answers on the part of the respondents. Often the obtained information can later be compared and contrasted.
Statistical Treatment of Data The following statistical tools will be employed in this study:
1. Frequency count and percentage will be utilized to determine demographic profile of the respondents and responses as to problems encountered and solutions proposed.
The formula for calculating the percentage is given below. P =
Where: P = percentage f = frequency count N = total number of respondents.

12. Weighted mean. This will be used to determining the perceived level of life satisfaction of retirees
The formula for calculating the weighted mean is given below.
WM = Ʃf1xw1+f2+w3 N

Where:

WM = Weighted Mean Ʃf = summation of frequency count W = Weighted score

13. t-test. This will be used by grouping retirees during the ‘90s and those during mid of 20’s
The formula for calculating the t – test is given below. t = x1 – x2 2
2
2
2

√ s1 + s2 n1 n2

Where: x1 = the average of the first group

x2 = the average of the other group
2
2

s1 = the standard deviation squared
2
2 s2 = the standard deviation squared

n1 = the number of cases for each group

14. Chi square. This will be used to answer problem 3.

The formula for calculating the chi-square test is as follows: = ∑(0 -E)2 E Where: = chi-square test O = observed frequency E = Expected frequency ∑ = Summation

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data collected from the survey questionnaire administered to respondent teacher retirees. The data collected were analyzed and interpreted using the findings of previous studies.
Profile of the Respondent Teacher Retirees
Table 1.1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents as to Age Age Bracket | Frequency | Percentage | 60-62 | 13 | 32.50 | 63-65 | 14 | 35.00 | 66-68 | 12 | 30.00 | 69-71 | 1 | 2.50 | Total | 40 | 100 | Mean Age: 64.08 |

Table 1.1 reveals the demographic profile of teacher retirees as regards to age. The highest percentage went to teacher-retirees who belonged to the 63-65 age bracket (14 or 35 percent followed by those who were 60-62 years old (13 or 32.50 percent), those who were 66-68 years old (12 or 30 percent), and those who belonged to the 69-71 age bracket (1 or 2.50 percent). The mean age of the respondents was 64.08. This means that a typical teacher retiree retired ealier than the compulsory retirement age of 65 years old.
Table 1.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents as to Gender Gender | Frequency | Percentage | Male | 2 | 5 | Female | 38 | 95 | Total | 40 | 100 |

As to gender, most of the respondents were female (38 or 95 percent) while there were only two (2) respondents or five percent (5%) of the distribution was male.

Table 1.3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents as to Civil Status Civil Status | Frequency | Percentage | Single | 5 | 12.50 | Married | 27 | 67.50 | Widowed | 8 | 20.00 | Total | 40 | 100 |

As to civil status, majority of the respondents were married (27 or 67.50 percent) followed by those who were widowed (8 or 20 percent) and single (5 or 12.50 percent)

Table 1.4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents as to Educational Attainment Educational Attainment | Frequency | Percentage | Baccalaureate degree | 25 | 62.50 | Master’s degree | 12 | 30.00 | Doctor’s degree | 3 | 7.50 | Total | 40 | 100 |

As to educational attainment, majority of the respondents were baccaulaureate degree holders (25 or 62.50 percent) followed by those who were master’s degree holders (12 or 30 percent) and those who were doctorate degree holders (3 or 7.50 percent).
Table 1.5
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents as to Position Held Before Retirement Position | Frequency | Percentage | Teacher I | 3 | 7.50 | Teacher II | 18 | 45.00 | Teacher III | 4 | 10.00 | Master Teacher I | 8 | 20.00 | Master Teacher II | 3 | 7.50 | Public Schools District Supervisor | 4 | 10.00 | Total | 40 | 100 | As to position held before retirement, the highest percenage belonged to those who were Teacher II (18 or 45 percentage) followed by those who were Master Teacher I ( 8 or 20 percent), Teacher III (4 or 10 percent), Public Schools District Supervisor (4 or 10 percent), Master Teacher District Supervisor (4 or 10 percent), Maser Teacher II ( 3 or 7.50 percent), and Teacher I (3 or 7.50 percent). This demographic profile of the respondents teacher-retirees shows that a typical teacher-retiree was 64.08 years old, female, married, baccalaureate degree holder, and Teacher II before retirement. It could be inferred from the tables that, a typical teacher-retiree retired younger than the compulsory age of 65, did not pursue a Master’s degree and was not promoted beyond Teacher II position.

Table 2 shows the level of life satisfaction of teacher-retirees before and after retirement. Before retirement, the respondents rated themselves HIGH in the following indicators: general well-being (WM=3.65), leisure activities (WM= 3.55), diet and exercise (WM= 3.68), income and savings (WM=3.80), social involvement (WM=3.68), and health and health condition (WM=3.83). They rated themselves MODERATE in other occupation/career engaged in (WM= 3.28). After retirement, the same table reveals how the respondents rated themselves in the seven indicators. The respondents rated themselves in the seven indicators. The respondents rated themlseves HIGH in general well-being (WM= 3.85), leisure activites (WM= 3.83), diet and exercise (WM= 3.75), income and savings (WM= 3.70), social involvement (WM=3.65), and health and health condition (WM=3.63). They rated themselves MODERAtE in other occupation/career engaged in (WM= 3.28). When levels of life satisfaction are to be considered, there seemed to be no apparent change in the perception of the respondents in matters of life satisfaction before and after retirement. But if the magnitude of the weighted means is to be considered, the teacher-retirees found health and health condition (WM=3.83) and income and savings (WM=3.80) as the most satisfying factors before retirement. After retirement the teacher-retirees found general well-being (WM=3.85) and leisure activities (WM=3.83) as the most satisfying factors. A cursory look at Table 2 would reveal that there had been some slight changes n level of life satisfaction when the magnitude of weighted means is to be considered in the six (6) factors except in other occupation/career engaged in (WM= 3.28, moderate) both before and after retirement.
Table 3
Relationship between Respondents’
Profile and Their Level of Satisfaction Variable | No. of Cases | dF | Computed X Value | Tabular X Value | Level of Significance | Remark | Decision | Age | 40 | 2 | 2.6374 | 5.9910 | .05 | Not Significant | Accept Ho | Civil Status | 40 | 1 | 6.8566 | 6.6350 | .01 | Significant | Reject Ho | Educational Attainment | 40 | 1 | 4.000 | 3.8410 | .01 | Significant | Reject Ho | Position Held | 40 | 1 | 4.000 | 3.8410 | .01 | Significant | Reject Ho |

Table 3 shows the relationship between the respondents’ demographic profile and their level of life satisfaction. Gender was not included in the table due to very few respondents in the male category (only 2 respondents). There is no significant relationship between age and their level of life satisfaction of teacher-retirees as revealed by the computed chi-square (X²) value of 2.6374 (df= 2). This means that age does not contribute significantly to the level of life satisfaction of teacher-retirees. Whether the retiree is 60 or 70 years old, there is no difference as to his/her level of life satisfaction. Therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted. There is significant relationship between civil status and their level of life satisfaction as shown by the computed chi square (X²) value of 6.8566 which was greater than the tabular chi square (X²) value of 6.6350 at .01 level of significance with one degree of freedom. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. There is significant relationship between educational attainment and level of life satisfaction as shown by the computed chi square (X²) value of 4.00 which was greater than the tabular chi square (X²) value of 3.8410 at .05 level of significance (df=1). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. There is significant relationship between position held before retirement and the level of life satisfaction as shown by the computed chi square (X²) value of 4.000 which was greater than the tabular chi square (X²) value of 3.8410 at .05 level of significance (df=1).
Table 4
Problems Encountered By Teacher Respondents after their Retirement Problem | No. of Cases | Weighted Mean | Description | Rank | Income/savings not enough for hospitalization expenses | 40 | 2.83 | Moderately Serious | 1 | Income/savings not enough to meet daily needs | 40 | 2.75 | Moderately Serious | 2.5 | Income/savings not enough to buy medicines | 40 | 2.75 | Moderately Serious | 2.5 | Income/savings already depleted and have to depend on family for daily sustenance | 40 | 2.58 | Moderately Serious | 4 | Income/savings have been borrowed by relatives and are not paid back | 40 | 2.43 | Slightly Serious | 5 | Very Sickly and weak to engage in exercise | 40 | 2.25 | Slightly Serious | 6 | Very upset at small details at home | 40 | 2.08 | Slightly Serious | 7 | Have become sedentary and always stayed at home | 40 | 1.95 | Slightly Serious | 8 | Bedridden to engage in any social/religious activities | 40 | 1.82 | Slightly Serious | 9 | Feels neglected by the family | 40 | 1.56 | Slightly Serious | 10 |

Legend: Range of Wt. Mean Description 4.51 – 5.00 Very Serious 3.51 – 4.50 Serious 2.51 – 3.50 Moderately Serious 1.51 – 2.50 Slightly Serious 1.00 – 1.50 Slightly Serious not a Problem.

Table 4 shows the problems encountered by teacher-retirees after retirement. The respondents perceived the following problems as moderately serious: income/savings not enough for hospitalization expenses (WM=2.83, Rank 1), income/savings not enough to meet daily needs (WM= 2.75, Rank 2.5), income/savings not enough to buy medicines (WM= 2.75, Rank 2.5), and income/savings already depleted and have to depend entirely on family for daily sustenance (WM=2.58, Rank 4). The following problems were perceived by the respondents as slightly serious: income/savings have been borrowed by relatives and are not paid back (WM=2.43, Rank 5), very sickly and weak to engage in exercise (WM=2.25, Rank 6), Very upset at small details at home (WM=2.08, Rank 7), have become sedentary and always stayed at home (WM=1.95, Rank 8), bedridden to engage in any social/religious activities (WM=1.82, Rank 9), and feels neglected by family (WM=1.56, Rank 10).

Table 5
Proposed Measures to Address the Problems of Teacher-Retirees Proposed Solution | No. of Cases | Weighted Mean | Description | Rank | Pray daily | 40 | 4.85 | Always | 1 | Keep oneself busy at home/office | 40 | 4.33 | Often | 2 | Attend church services regularly | 40 | 4.26 | Often | 3 | Meet friends | 40 | 3.97 | Often | 4 | Read the Biblee regularly | 40 | 3.67 | Often | 5 | Watch shows, concerts, and movies | 40 | 3.22 | Occasional | 6 | Engage in hobbies | 40 | 3.12 | Occasional | 7 | Travel to other places | 40 | 3.00 | Occasional | 8 | Seek professional assistance | 40 | 2.72 | Occasional | 9 | Engage in sports | 40 | 2.38 | Occasional | 10 |

Table 5 reveals the measures to address the problems encountered by the teacher-retirees. The top proposed solution offered by the respondents was that they “pray daily” (WM=4.85, Rank1) followed by “keep oneself busy at home/office (WM=4.33, Rank 2), “attend church services regularly (WM= 4.26, Rank 3), “meet friends (WM=3.97, Rank 4), “read the Bible regularly (WM=3.67, Rank 5), “watch shows, concerts, and movies (WM=3.22, Rank 6), “engage in hobbies (WM=3.12, Rank 7), “travel to other places (WM=3.00, Rank 8,) “seek professional assistance” (WM=2.72, Rank 9), and “engage in sports” (WM=2.38, Rank 10).

6. Implication of the Findings The implications of the findings of the study to the development of retirement programs and projects of the government for teacher-retirees are as follows: 6.1 Establishment of a government hospital for teacher-retirees. 6.2 Creation of the Bureau of Teacher Retirees under the Department of Education 6.3 Other benefits to be officed to teacher-reitrees. 6.3.1 Employment of teacher-retirees as consultants and other positions in government offices and private companies 6.3.2 Additional pension plans for teacher-retirees 6.4 Enabling law to require immediate family to take care of teacher-retirees who cannot work anymore. CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations. This study explored the life of selected public school teachers after they have retired. Specific problems were answered such as the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, civil status, educational attainment and position held before retirement, the perception of the respondents as to their level of life satisfaction before and after retirement in terms of income and savings, diet and exercises, health and health condition, leisure activities, social involvement other occupation/career engaged in, and general well-being, significant relationship between the respondents demographic profile and their level of life satisfaction; problems encountered by the responents during their retirement years and how they resolved them and implications of the findings of the study to the development of retirement programs and projects of the government. Te descriptive survey method of research was employed using a questionnaire which were administered to 400 public school teacher retirees in the City of Valenzuela. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted using the following statistical tools percentage weghted mean and chi square test of association.

Summary of Findings The following findings were obtained in this study. 1. The demographic profile of the respondents as to: 2.1 Age. The average age of the respondents was 64.08 years. The highest percentage belonged to those in the 63.65 age braxcket (35 %). The lowest percentage of the respondents was in the 69 – 71 age bracket. (12 %). 2.2 Gender. Ninety – five percent (95 %) of the respondents was female while only two percent (2 %) of them was male. 2.3 Civil Status. Majority of the respondents was married (67.50 %) while the lowest percentage was obtained by single respondents (12.50 %). 2.4 Educational Attainment. Majority of the respondents was baccalaureate degree holders (62.50 %) while the least percentage was obtained by those who finished their doctorate degree (7.50 %). 2.5 Position Held Before Retirment. The highest percentge was obtained by respondents who were Teacher II before they retired (45.00 %). The lowest percentage was shared by Teacher I and Master Teacher II retirees (7.50 %). 2. Levels of Life Satisfaction Before and After Retirement The levels of life satisfaction of teacher before and after retirement were as follows: 3.6 Genearl Well – Being. As to genearl well-being the level of satisfaction of teachers before and after retirement was high (WM = 3.65 and WM = 3.85). 3.7 Leisure Activities. As to leisure activities, the level of satisfaction of teachers before and after retirement was high (WM = 3.55 and WM = 3.83). 3.8 Diet and Exercise. As to diet and exercise, the level of satisfaction of teachers before and after retirement was high (WM = 3.68 and WM = 3.75). 3.9 Income and Savings. As to income and savings, the level of satisfaction of teacher before and after retirement was high (WM = 3.80 and WM = 3.70). 3.10 Social Involvement. As to social involvement the level of satisfaction of teachers before and after retirmeent was high (WM = 3.68 and WM = 3.65). 3.11 Health and Health Condition. As to health and health condition, the level of satisfaction of teachers before and after retirement was high (WM = 3.83 and WM = 3.63). 3.12 Other Occupation/Career Engaged In. As to other occupation/career engaged in, the level of satisfaction of teachers before and after retirement was moderate (WM = 3.28 and WM = 3.28). 3.13 Level of Life Satisfaction. In the average, the levels of life satisfaction of teachers before they retired was high (WM = 3.64) and after they retired was also high (WM = 3.67). 3. Relationship Between Respondents’ Profile and Their Level of Life Satisfaction The relationship between respondents profile and their level of life satisfaction was as follows: 3.1 Age. Age and level of life satisfaction was not significantly related (X2 = 2.6374, n.s.). 3.2 Civil Status. Civil status was significantly related with level of life satisfaction (X2 = 6.8566, p<.01). 3.3 Educaitonal Attainment. Educational attainment was significantly related with level of life satisfaction (X2 = 4.0000, p<.05). 3.4 Position Held Before Reirement. Position held before reitrement was significantly related with level of life satisfaction (X2 = 4.000, p<.05). 4.1 The Problems Encountered by the Respondents The respondents found the following problems moderately serious: income and savings not enough for hospitalization expenses (WM = 2.83, Rank 1); income and savings not enough to meet daily needs (WM = 2.75, Rank 2.5), income and savings not enough to buy medicines (WM = 2.75, Rank 2.5) and income and savings already depleted and has to depend entirely family for daily sustenance (WM = 2.58, Rank 4).

4.2 Proposed Solutions The top 5 proposed solutions offered by the respondents were as follows: pray daily (WM = 4.85, Rank 1) keep oneself busy at home/office (WM = 4.85, Rank 2), attend church services regularly (WM = 4.26, Rank 3) meet friends (WM 3.97, Rank 4) and read the Bible regularly (WM = 3.67, Rank 5). 5. Implications of the Findings of the Study to the Development of Retirement Programs and Projects of the Government The implications of the findings of the study to the development of retirment programs and project of the reitrment programs and projects of the government are as followss: 5.1 Establishment of a Governmental Hospital for Teacher Retirees 5.2 Creation of the Bureau of Teacher Retirees under the Department of Education 5.3 Other Benfits to be Offered to Teacher Reitrees 5.3.1 Employment as consultants and other position in Government Offices and private companies. 5.3.2 Additional pension plans for teacher retirees. 5.4 Enabling Law to Require Immediate Family to Take Care of Teacher Reitrees who cannot work Anymore.

Recommendations Based on the foregoing conclusions, the following recommendations are hereby offered: 1. Teachers in the service are advised to pursue graduate studies by enrolling in graduate school and if possible, finish a master’s or a doctorate degree. 2. Teachers in the service are advised to get themselves promoted to higher positions in government. 3. Teachers in the service are advised to get themselves addional pension plans while young to augment their income and savins when they retire. 4. Seminars and other in-service training programs about retirment should be offered to teachers still active in the service to prepare themselves for retirmeent. 5. An enabling law that will create the Bureau of Tacher Retirees should be passed by Congress to cater to the needs of teacher reitrees. 6. An enbling law that will establish a hospital exclusively for teacher retirees should be enactd in Congress.

Appendix Appendix A Dear Sir/Madam: Good day! I am a student of the Governor Andres Pascual college, writing a thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education. The purpose of my study is to find out the lifestyle of the retired public elementary school teachers and admistrators in Valenzuela City. I will greatly appreciate if you could assist me in this research by answering the attached questionnaire. Your responses will be dealt with confidentiality and only statistical summarries will be cited in the thesis. Please answer all questions as best as you can. Thank you very much.

Sincerely Yours, NIVIENA L. DONCILLO Master Student Noted by: Dr. SERGIO M. MAYOR Research Adviser

Appendix B LIFE AFTER RETIREMENT QUESTIONNAIRE Directions: Please Fill in the necessary information place a check mark () as required objectively and honestly to queries below. Age 60 – 62 | 63 – 65 | 66 – 68 | 69 – 71 | ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Gender: Male ( ) Female ( ) • Civil Status: Single ( ) Married ( ) Widowed ( ) Separated ( )

• Highest Educational Attainment Baccalaureate degree ( ) Master’s Degree ( ) Doctoral Degree ( ) • Position held before retirement: Teacher I ( ) Teacher II ( ) Teacher III ( ) Master Teacher I ( ) Master Teacher II ( ) Head Teacher ( ) Principal I ( ) Principal II ( ) Principal III ( ) Principal IV ( ) Public Schools District Supervisor ( ) Education Supervisor ( )

2. How do you see your life before and after retirement in terms of the following factors? Please check the appropriate column. Indicator: | VeryGood(5) | Good(4) | Fair(3) | Poor(2) | Very Poor(1) | 1. Income and savings | | | | | | 2. Diet and exercise | | | | | | 3. Health/Health conditions | | | | | | 4.Leisure Activities | | | | | | 5.Social activities and involvement | | | | | | 7. Other occupation/career engaged in | | | | | | 8. Satisfaction and general well-being | | | | | | 5. What problems have/are you encountered/encountering during your retirement years? Please check the appropriate column. Problem | Very Serious(5) | Serious(4) | Moderately Serious(4) | Slightly Serious(2) | Not a Problem(1) | Income/Savings1. Income/Savings not enough to meet daily needs | | | | | | 2. Income/Savings not enough to buy medicines | | | | | | 3. Income/Savings not enough for hospitalization Expenses | | | | | | 4. Income/Savings already depleted and has to depend entirely on family for daily sustenance | | | | | | 5. Income/Savings have been borrowed by relatives and are not paid back | | | | | | 6. Very sickly and weak to engage in exercise | | | | | | 7. Bedridden to engage in any social/religious activities | | | | | | 8. Has become sedentary and always stayed at home | | | | | | 9. Very upset at small details at home | | | | | | 10. Feels neglected by family | | | | | | 11. Others (Please specify) ___________________________ | | | | | |
Solutions:
How do I solve with any problems I am encountering?
Please rate your response by checking the opposite column. Solution | Always(5) | Often(4) | Sometimes(3) | Seldom(2) | Never(1) | 1. Prays a lot | | | | | | 2. Reads the Bible | | | | | | 3. Goes to Church | | | | | | 4. Meets friends | | | | | | 5.Consults professional Help | | | | | | 6. Keeps oneself busy at home/office | | | | | | 7. Goes to entertaining shows such as concerts, movies | | | | | | 8.Plays a game/sports | | | | | | 9. Others (Please specify)_______________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | Appendix C Relationship Between the Respondents’ Civil status and Their Level of Life Satisfaction | Married | Not Married | | High | 20 (16.2) | 4 (7.8) | 24 | Moderate | 7 (10.8) | 9 (5.2) | 16 | 27 13 O | E | O – E | (O – E) 2 | (O – E) 2 E | 20 | 16.2 | 3.80 | 14.44 | .8914 | 4 | 7.8 | 3.80 | 14.44 | 1.8513 | 7 | 10.8 | 3.80 | 14.44 | 1.3370 | 9 | 5.2 | 3.80 | 14.44 | 2.7769 | df = 1 | | | | X2 = 6.8566 significant at .01 | Tabular X2 value at .01 = 6.6350 Appendix D Relationship Between the Respondents’ Educational Attainment & their Level of Satisfaction | Bacalaureate | Graduate | | High | 12 (15) | 12 (9) | 24 | Moderate | 13 (10) | 3 (6) | 16 | 25 15 O | E | O – E | (O – E) 2 | (O – E) 2 E | 12 | 15 | 3 | 9 | 0.6000 | 12 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 1.000 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 9 | .9000 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 1.50 | df = 1 | | | | X2 = 4.000 significant at .01 | Tabular X2 value at .01 = 3.841 Appendix E Relationship Between Respondents’ Position Held Before Reitrement and Their Level of Life Satisfaction | Teacher | Other | | High | 12 (15) | 12 (9) | 24 | Moderate | 13 (10) | 3 (6) | 16 | 27 13 O | E | O – E | (O – E) 2 | (O – E) 2 E | 12 | 15 | 3 | 9 | 0.6000 | 12 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 1.000 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 9 | .9000 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 1.50 | df = 1 | | | | X2 = 4.000 significant at .01 | Tabular X2 value at .01 = 3.841
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. BOOKS
Behling, Joe H. (2004). Guidelines for Preparing the Research Proposal, Rev. ed. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

Fraenkel, Jack & Norman E. Wallen (2000). How to Design and Evaluate Research In Education. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.

Levinson, Andrew O. et.al. (1998). Crises in personal and Career Life. Beverly Hills: CA: Sage

Rich, Frank A. (2004). Phases of Retirement. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Zey, Michael G. (2007). The Ageless Society. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

2. PERIODICALS

Abraham, Robert E. & Leonard Houseman (2004). “Work and Retirement Plans of Older Americans” Industrial Management Review 6, No.1

Chan, Arnold F. & Fred A. Stevens (2001). “Why Do They Leave?” Personnel 50, No. 3.

Davey, Michael J. (2002) “The Four Stages of Professional Careers- A New Look at Performance by Professionals,” Organizational Dynamics 6, No. 1

Meadows, Anthony N. “Productivity of Old and Young Workers” , Industrial Management Review 9, No. 2.

Mercene, Floro A. (2007) “The Superlongevity Revolution” in Tempo, August 17, 2007 issue

Silverman, Daniel & Douglas Mitchell (2002). “Relationship Between Crime Rates and the Retirement Decisions of Older Americans”, Group and Organizational Studies 7, No. 2

Williamson, Thomas A. & Douglas McNamara (2001). “Stress and Behavior in Organization”, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Journal 2, No. 2.

Aging Workforce News. (July 14, 2010)
Aging Workforce News (April 12, 2010)
The Times (May 18, 2009)

3. UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS
Ferrer, Primitiva T. (2002) “Retirement Plans and Policies of Selected Private Colleges and Universities in Region III “Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Angeles University Foundation, Angeles, Pampanga.

Kim, Gi Man (2002) The Retirement Policies and Practices of Selected Private Companies in Seoul, Korea” Unpublished Masteral Thesis, Gregorio Araneta University Foundation, Malabon.

Peñaranda, Patria M. (2004). Some Economic and Psychological Factors Affecting Retirees in Western Leyte: Their Educational Implications” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of San Carlos, Cebu City.

Raras, Gloria Mosqueda, (2001). “The Teacher Retirees of Kapatangan District: Their Services, Achievement and Socio-economic Status”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Mindanao, Davao City.
“An assessment of the Laws and Programs for the Senior Citizen in Philippines” (A Paper Prepared by Prama Foundation, Inc., Philippines, for the High – level Meeting on the Regional Review of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA), 9-11 October, 2007, Macao, China)

4. ELECTRONIC http://www.towerswatson.com/research/1392 http://blogs.reuters.com/deep-pocket/2010/07/03/www.hewitt.com http://www.gsis.gov.ph http://www.chaniobles.com/republicactno7432 http://www.philstar.com/Acticle.aspx?articleId=545561&publications http://www.chaniobles.com/republicactno7432.htm http://www.old.uplb.edu.ph/news/uplb-news/uplb-link1104 www.chaniobles.com http://www.ehow.com/list6725135_teacher_retirement_laws_florida.html http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1000/is_n360/ai_90293411
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20100217-2010

Bibliography: Fraenkel, Jack &amp; Norman E. Wallen (2000). How to Design and Evaluate Research In Education. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc. Levinson, Andrew O. et.al. (1998). Crises in personal and Career Life. Beverly Hills: CA: Sage Rich, Frank A Zey, Michael G. (2007). The Ageless Society. Boston: Allyn &amp; Bacon. Chan, Arnold F. &amp; Fred A. Stevens (2001). “Why Do They Leave?” Personnel 50, No. 3. Davey, Michael J. (2002) “The Four Stages of Professional Careers- A New Look at Performance by Professionals,” Organizational Dynamics 6, No. 1 Meadows, Anthony N Mercene, Floro A. (2007) “The Superlongevity Revolution” in Tempo, August 17, 2007 issue Silverman, Daniel &amp; Douglas Mitchell (2002) Williamson, Thomas A. &amp; Douglas McNamara (2001). “Stress and Behavior in Organization”, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Journal 2, No. 2. Aging Workforce News. (July 14, 2010) Aging Workforce News (April 12, 2010) The Times (May 18, 2009) 3 Ferrer, Primitiva T. (2002) “Retirement Plans and Policies of Selected Private Colleges and Universities in Region III “Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Angeles University Foundation, Angeles, Pampanga. Kim, Gi Man (2002) The Retirement Policies and Practices of Selected Private Companies in Seoul, Korea” Unpublished Masteral Thesis, Gregorio Araneta University Foundation, Malabon. Peñaranda, Patria M. (2004). Some Economic and Psychological Factors Affecting Retirees in Western Leyte: Their Educational Implications” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of San Carlos, Cebu City. Raras, Gloria Mosqueda, (2001). “The Teacher Retirees of Kapatangan District: Their Services, Achievement and Socio-economic Status”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Mindanao, Davao City.