The Similarities Between Natural And Artificial Selection
Both natural and artificial selection refer to processes that determine which genetic traits pass from one generation to the next one. Artificial selection is the process in which humans decide which traits will show up in future generations. Natural selection is the process in which the environment is responsible to pick the traits in order for an individual to adapt and survive to and specific environment. The differences between these two processes is the way that the traits are selected. Some of these similarities between to these processes are that some traits are favored over others, and both process choose traits that are inheritable.
2) Stabilizing selection is the process when individuals with intermediate phenotypes have higher survival …show more content…
and reproductive success that those with extreme phenotypes. Disruptive selection is when individuals with an extreme phenotype experience higher fitness that the average phenotype of the population. Disruptive selection doesn’t change the population mean, but increases the variance. And it’s important because it can maintain phenotype and genetic variation. Stabilizing selection will decrees the magnitude of phenotype variation between generation. One example of stabilizing selections is that when new born babies born with the average weight they have a higher probability to survive in comparison with the babies that born with an overweight because they could have some complications. On the other hand, because disruptive selection increases genetic variation within a population. One example that is defined by disruptive selection in light-colored peppered moths and dark-colored peppered moths. Light-colored are better camouflaged against a pristine environment while the dark- colored are better camouflaged in a sooty environment.
3) Semelparous is characterized for those species that only reproduce one time in their entire life. This type of individuals spends the entire life looking for the correct source of nutrients and minerals in order to achieve the maximum development and be strong, so when the time of reproduction comes they could be prepared to produce fertile offspring and get as a result a high rate of survival. One example is the Chinook salmon which uses all its energy reserve in order to migrate from the ocean to its freshwater, where it reproduces and after dies. On the other hand, iterroparous are individuals that reproduces repeatedly during their lives. These organisms don’t put all their resources in one reproductive events, because they have the opportunity to have more offspring.
4) The trade-off between offspring number and offspring size for a specific reproductive event could be limited by two factors: one energy and the other nutrients. In some cases, while the offspring’s number can be quite variable among the individual, the size of offspring could be constant.
5) Sexual reproduction required that the progeny organism inherit DNA from two parents, which means that have a higher cost.
Cells divides by meiosis. Some of the disadvantages is that takes several months to complete, so require more energy in order to the reproduction occurs. Some advantages that we could see in sexual reproduction are to have more genetic variations on organism, the production of unique offspring and leads to genetic variation in new generations of offspring that is fundamental in evolution.
Asexual reproduction consists in that only one parent is needed. The cells divide by fission, budding, or regeneration. Required less energy which is an advantage because there is no needed to search for mate, therefore required less time to reproduce. One of the disadvantages are that doesn’t exist genetic variation between individuals, meaning that the entire entity could have a disease if the parent have it.
6) Monography is a mating system in which a social bond between one male and one female persist through the period that is required for them to rear their offspring. Is favored when the male makes an important contribution in the process of rising its offspring.
Polygyny: is a mating system in which a male marries with more than one
female
Polyandry: is a mating in which a single female breeds with multiples males. Promiscuity: is a mating system where both female and male have more than one partner in their entire life. Promiscuity is universal in plants because they send pollen out to fertilized eggs of different individuals.
2) Stabilizing selection is the process when individuals with intermediate phenotypes have higher survival …show more content…
and reproductive success that those with extreme phenotypes. Disruptive selection is when individuals with an extreme phenotype experience higher fitness that the average phenotype of the population. Disruptive selection doesn’t change the population mean, but increases the variance. And it’s important because it can maintain phenotype and genetic variation. Stabilizing selection will decrees the magnitude of phenotype variation between generation. One example of stabilizing selections is that when new born babies born with the average weight they have a higher probability to survive in comparison with the babies that born with an overweight because they could have some complications. On the other hand, because disruptive selection increases genetic variation within a population. One example that is defined by disruptive selection in light-colored peppered moths and dark-colored peppered moths. Light-colored are better camouflaged against a pristine environment while the dark- colored are better camouflaged in a sooty environment.
3) Semelparous is characterized for those species that only reproduce one time in their entire life. This type of individuals spends the entire life looking for the correct source of nutrients and minerals in order to achieve the maximum development and be strong, so when the time of reproduction comes they could be prepared to produce fertile offspring and get as a result a high rate of survival. One example is the Chinook salmon which uses all its energy reserve in order to migrate from the ocean to its freshwater, where it reproduces and after dies. On the other hand, iterroparous are individuals that reproduces repeatedly during their lives. These organisms don’t put all their resources in one reproductive events, because they have the opportunity to have more offspring.
4) The trade-off between offspring number and offspring size for a specific reproductive event could be limited by two factors: one energy and the other nutrients. In some cases, while the offspring’s number can be quite variable among the individual, the size of offspring could be constant.
5) Sexual reproduction required that the progeny organism inherit DNA from two parents, which means that have a higher cost.
Cells divides by meiosis. Some of the disadvantages is that takes several months to complete, so require more energy in order to the reproduction occurs. Some advantages that we could see in sexual reproduction are to have more genetic variations on organism, the production of unique offspring and leads to genetic variation in new generations of offspring that is fundamental in evolution.
Asexual reproduction consists in that only one parent is needed. The cells divide by fission, budding, or regeneration. Required less energy which is an advantage because there is no needed to search for mate, therefore required less time to reproduce. One of the disadvantages are that doesn’t exist genetic variation between individuals, meaning that the entire entity could have a disease if the parent have it.
6) Monography is a mating system in which a social bond between one male and one female persist through the period that is required for them to rear their offspring. Is favored when the male makes an important contribution in the process of rising its offspring.
Polygyny: is a mating system in which a male marries with more than one
female
Polyandry: is a mating in which a single female breeds with multiples males. Promiscuity: is a mating system where both female and male have more than one partner in their entire life. Promiscuity is universal in plants because they send pollen out to fertilized eggs of different individuals.