Transitions can be confronting but leads to new understandings of the self and others.
Transitions can often be caused or prompted but can lead to new understandings and views of the self and others. The cause of Billy’s transition is caused by physical and psychological abuse from his father, lack of caring from his school and his run down neglected neighbourhood with its “truck still on blocks”, “unmown grass” and “broken windows”, all the symbols pointing to a decaying, decrepit, depressing environment. The farewell note to Billy’s father on the opening page summarises Billy’s disconnection from his father. Billy’s sense of alienation and, as a result, a forced transition is so entrenched by his fathers repeated mistreatment that he misreads the attempts by the librarian, Irene’s, attempts to provide him with physical security within the library. Whilst catching a train, uncertain where the train will take him, bad weather, wind and rain recalls the violent significant memory of his father "with the forces of a father's punch". The metaphoric terms further reveal Billy's harsh living environment he is seeking to escape. Billy and Old Bill developed a friendship as he treats Old Bill as his 'father figure'. "I like the kid...I like his company" contrasts the lack of love and relationship between Billy and his real father. Growth in maturity is shown as both of the two protagonists show signs of transition as they help each other. Billy's growth is demonstrated as he becomes a 'different' individual from the beginning of the narrative poem showing positive thinking “sure there's hope in the world...even for hobos like us", thus showing that the challenge of transition can lead to new understandings of the self and others.
The resolution of emotional trauma can cause a transition and encourage new perceptions and understandings. By leaving his house, Old Bill exited society, lost his identity and became afraid to move on. “…how he’s afraid