The Three Movements or Flows Within International Economic Exchange

There were three types of movement or ‘flows’ within international economic exchanges as identified by the economists: * The first is the flow of trade which in the nineteenth century referred largely to trade in goods (e.g., cloth or wheat). * The second is the flow of labour – the migration of people in search of employment. * The third is the movement of capital for short-term or long-term investments over long distances.
An account of the second type of flow is being given, try to attempt the others by yourself and revert back if problem exists:
Flow of labour * Indentured labour migration from India was a tale of faster economic growth as well as great misery, higher incomes for some and poverty for others, technological advances in some areas and new forms of coercion in others. * Hundreds of thousands of Indian and Chinese labourers went to work on plantations, in mines, and in road and railway construction projects around the world. * In India, indentured labourers were hired under contracts which promised return travel to India after they had worked five years on their employer’s plantation. * Most Indian indentured workers came from the present-day regions of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, central India and the dry districts of Tamil Nadu. * Decline in cottage industries , rise in land rents, clearance of lands for mines and plantations affected the lives of the poor: they failed to pay their rents, became deeply indebted and were forced to migrate in search of work
The three types of movements or flows within the international economic exchange are trade flows, human capital flows and capital flows or investments. These can be explained as—the trade in agricultural products, migration of labour, and financial loans to and from other nations.
India was a hub of trade in the pre-modern world, and it exported textiles and spices in return for gold and silver from Europe. Many different foods such as potatoes,