The Unification of Germany
The Unification of Germany
Chapter 1 Germany 1815-1848
1. The Situation in Germany 1815
2. Reform and Repression 1815-40
3. Economic Development 1815-40
4. Germany 1840-8
1813 – Battle of Leipzig
1814-15 - The Vienna Peace Settlement
1815 – German Confederation established
1817 – Wartburg Festival
1818 – Constitution granted in Baden and Bavaria
1819- Carlsbad Decrees
1832 – Nationalist festival at Hambach, The Six Articles
1834 – Zollverein came into operation
1840 – Frederick William IV became King of Prussia
1847 – Meeting of the Prussian United Diet in Berlin
1. The Situation in Germany by 1815 • 23million divided between 314 states • Under rule of Holy Roman Empire (Emperor of Austria) • Empire collapsed after Prussia was defeated by Napoleon, 1805-6
Napoleons Impact on Germany • France annexed Rhine • States reduced to 39 • 17 states formed confederation of Rhine, under French rule • Feudal Restrictions – landowning class limit freedom of workers
Prussia 1806-13-determined to become leading German State • Army reorganized • Government overhauled, more efficient central authority • New system of education
The War of Liberation • Frederick William III made alliance with Russia against France, where French armies were driven back • Austria declared war on France, and at Battle of Leipzig, Napoleon was defeated • Allied armies invaded France, Napoleon abdicated • Seen as ‘first collective action of German unity, but is known as a myth • Unacceptable behavior of French troops fueled nationalism
The Vienna Settlement • 1814-15 – Austria and Prussian rivalry prevented unity • Metternich described as peaceful ‘dualism,’ • Austria gained territory in Italy • Habsburg rulers in central Italian duchies (Parma, Modena, Tuscany) • Prussia gained Saxony, Rhineland, Westphalia, Pomerania • Rhineland Catholic, supported French, Prussia
Chapter 1 Germany 1815-1848
1. The Situation in Germany 1815
2. Reform and Repression 1815-40
3. Economic Development 1815-40
4. Germany 1840-8
1813 – Battle of Leipzig
1814-15 - The Vienna Peace Settlement
1815 – German Confederation established
1817 – Wartburg Festival
1818 – Constitution granted in Baden and Bavaria
1819- Carlsbad Decrees
1832 – Nationalist festival at Hambach, The Six Articles
1834 – Zollverein came into operation
1840 – Frederick William IV became King of Prussia
1847 – Meeting of the Prussian United Diet in Berlin
1. The Situation in Germany by 1815 • 23million divided between 314 states • Under rule of Holy Roman Empire (Emperor of Austria) • Empire collapsed after Prussia was defeated by Napoleon, 1805-6
Napoleons Impact on Germany • France annexed Rhine • States reduced to 39 • 17 states formed confederation of Rhine, under French rule • Feudal Restrictions – landowning class limit freedom of workers
Prussia 1806-13-determined to become leading German State • Army reorganized • Government overhauled, more efficient central authority • New system of education
The War of Liberation • Frederick William III made alliance with Russia against France, where French armies were driven back • Austria declared war on France, and at Battle of Leipzig, Napoleon was defeated • Allied armies invaded France, Napoleon abdicated • Seen as ‘first collective action of German unity, but is known as a myth • Unacceptable behavior of French troops fueled nationalism
The Vienna Settlement • 1814-15 – Austria and Prussian rivalry prevented unity • Metternich described as peaceful ‘dualism,’ • Austria gained territory in Italy • Habsburg rulers in central Italian duchies (Parma, Modena, Tuscany) • Prussia gained Saxony, Rhineland, Westphalia, Pomerania • Rhineland Catholic, supported French, Prussia