The Wars Of Religion Dbq Essay

1. I think the French Wars of Religion was more about religious differences because ever since the French nobles became Calvinists, they would show independence from the central power. It created the conflict between Catholics and Calvinists where power was the main struggle making religion become a way bigger issue. The last of the wars would be the war of the Three Henry’s where it showed the overall religious differences between the Catholics and the Protestants. Which this was between Henry III and Henry of Guise versus Henry IV.
2. The idea to bring monarchs in restoring Catholic unity in Western Europe was when taking some of the wealth of the Americas, which Christopher Columbus accidentally found the Americas, and bring it to the Spanish port of Seville and Lisbon, however the Flemish city of Antwerp was controlled by the
Spanish Habsburgs, having commercial and financial capital of the entire European world. It would create great wealth for the Catholic unity as well as a spread on Catholicism when the population kept increasing.
3. The Thirty Years War was more about religious unity because during the Augsburg settlement, Lutherans violated the Peace of Augsburg by having bishops who either have Lutheranism and Catholicism go with the Peace of Augsburg while the Calvinists pretty much ignored it. The Protestant Union was formed by the Lutheran princes and they wanted to stop the Catholic League which was formed by the Catholics and they would create friction between these two sides. After the war on October 1648, peace was created from the signing of the Peace of Westphalia. It would five German princes the complete power and control of the Holy Roman Empire. It basically divided up Germany with three groups which are Lutheran, Catholica and Calvinist princes.
4. Some of the factors were to Christianize Muslims and pagans as part of their expansion of Europe. The reasons were basically material profits and spices where some of the big goals for discovering these big pieces for expansion. Some of the technological advances allowed Europeans to have improved techniques of shipbuilding. They would have galleys, caravel, a magnetic compass to find directions through the seas, and the astrolabe which finds the altitude of the sun to use it on maps. These Technological machines helped them being able to find the lands they seek for when exploring.
5. The positive effects on the Columbian exchange was increasing the food supply for populations in Europe. They would get useful crops like wheat or potatoes from the Americas. However many were negatives were when they went to Americas and coming back, populations started to decrease many diseases such as smallpox came to Europe. As well as African slaves to work on land which is a negative for them too. Although without the Columbian exchange, animals wouldn’t never be introduced in the Americas and Europeans wouldn’t been able to get great produce from the Americas.
6. The status of women was that Catholics thinks that during marriage, women and men were equal in marriage. Although for single men, the protestant and Catholic government licensed houses of prostitution for the single men. Single women worked in occupations and professions. Also there was a terrible side, where when women did something out of the ordinary, many people would think that some women are witches. It would lead to many persecutions in the 16th and 17th centuries where thousands of witches were executed. People believed that witches respect and worship the devil and this due to religion, basically and new view on some women.

LEQ:

Thesis: In European politics from 1500 to 1648, the reasons for the decline of the Holy Roman Empire was cause of the Luther and his 95 theses, the Protestant Reformation and the Treaty of Augsburg, and finally the Thirty Years War and Peace of Westphalia

Paragraph 1: Luther, 95 theses One reason for the decline of the Holy Roman Empire was caused by Luther and the 95 Theses.
On October 31, 1517, Luther attached to the door of the church at Wittenberg castle the 95 theses against the indulgences. Since they were read, it spread throughout the Holy Roman Empire. This is the beginning point of the declination of the Holy Roman Empire. Soon he would late challenge the Pope and the church. After doing that he was then excommunicated. Later Charles V declared that Luther is the outlaw of the empire and believes he shouldn’t get protection even though he gets protection from the princes. Since Luther’s beliefs were spreading, the poor would start to do crazy stuff when starting to steal from people. Later the decline involved in the Peasants to revolt against the church by using Luther’s writings. Lutheranism was what the poor
followed.

Paragraph 2: Protestant Reformation, Treaty of Augsburg This was the beginning of how the Holy Roman Empire would start to fall apart. By 1555, much of Europe left the Roman Catholic Church. Later it was turned into Calvinism. Since Charles V was a defender for Catholicism but didn’t have enough to support Protestantism. We wanted to gain more land. From 1521 to 1555, Charles V was too busy with war with Valois kings which they fought with the French who supports Lutheran princes. This would show that the wars have tried to decline the Holy Roman Empire. Cause of that the Peace of Augsburg was accepted where each prince of Germany is allowed to determine the religion they want for their territory.

Paragraph 3: Thirty Years War, Peace of Westphalia The Thirty Years War was the next for the Holy Roman Empire to decline. Lutherans were in violation of the Peace of Augsburg. Saying that the settlement controlled Lutheranism and Catholicism, however Calvinists ignored it and converted princes into Calvinists. The war began between the Protestant and Catholic states which slowly hurts the Holy Roman Empire. This is showing the incline of the Holy Roman Empire. It started with civil war in Bohemia between the Catholic League. The Jesuits would later be involved when trying to have the emperor to issue the Edict of Restitution. Catholics would lose land from this decision. The French would then enter the war onto the side of the Protestants. To finish and find peace in this war, on October 1648, the treaty “Peace of Westphalia” was where peace was achieved. It was a way to support politics and religions in Europe. However the declination still continued for Germany. It was a disaster for the economy and the society. Population decreases due to the wars and diseases. The economy also really suffered.