By Kuchukov Anvar, group 201
1. Language is a system of communication which consists of a set of sounds and written symbols which are used by the people of a particular country or region for talking or writing.
2. Speech is the expression of or the ability to express thoughts and feelings by articulate sounds
3. Descriptive Grammar is an objective, nonjudgmental description of the grammatical constructions in a language. Contrast with prescriptive grammar.
4. Theoretical grammar is the study of the essential components of any human language. Theoretical grammar deals with the language as a functional system.
5. Prescriptive Grammar is a set of norms or rules governing how a language should or should not be used rather than describing the ways in which a language is actually used.
6. Structural grammar is a means of analyzing written and spoken language. It is concerned with how elements of a sentence such as morphemes, phonemes, phrases, clauses and parts of speech are put together.
7. Analytical language is a language that conveys grammatical relationships without using inflectional affixes
8. Syntactical language is a language intended for the study of a formal language while disregarding its main interpretation
9. Function words (or grammatical words or synsemantic words or structure-class words) are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning, but instead serve to expres grammatical relationships with other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker.
10. Syntagmatic relation is a relation between expressions that occur next to one another. (blond and hair, kick and foot)
11. Paradigmatic relation is a relation that holds between elements of the same category, i.e. elements that can be substituted for each other.
12. Paradigm is the set of all the inflected forms of a word or a systematic arrangement displaying these forms
13. Grammatical category is a property of