Chapter 9 Memory Review Sheet
MEMORY / COGNITION TEST REVIEW SHEET
Chapter 9 – Memory
MEMORY: The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.
FLASHBULB MEMORY: A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. Example: 9/11 Terrorist Attacks
ENCODING: The processing of information into the memory system. Example: Adding meaning to the information.
STORAGE: The retention of encoded information over time.
RETRIEVAL: The process of getting information out of memory storage.
SENSORY MEMORY: The immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system:
SHORT-TERM MEMORY: Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before …show more content…
(Also called procedural memory.)
EXPLICIT MEMORY: Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare.” (Also called declarative memory.)
HIPPOCAMPUS: A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage.
RECALL: A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, like on a fill-in-the-blank test.
RECOGNITION: A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, like on a multiple-choice test.
RELEARNING: A memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time.
PRIMING: The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.
DÉJÀ VU: Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
MOOD-CONGRUENT MEMORY: The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood.
PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE: The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. (Past learning affects new …show more content…
FUNCTIONAL FIXEDNESS: The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. Example: The candle holder made out of a match box.
FRAMING: The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.
LANGUAGE: Our spoken, written, or gestured words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
PHONENE: In a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.
MORPHEME: In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word (such as a prefix).
GRAMMAR: A system of rules in a language that enables us to communicate with and understand others.
SEMANTICS: The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning.
SYNTAX: The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language.
BABBLING STAGE: Beginning at 3 to 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household
Chapter 9 – Memory
MEMORY: The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.
FLASHBULB MEMORY: A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. Example: 9/11 Terrorist Attacks
ENCODING: The processing of information into the memory system. Example: Adding meaning to the information.
STORAGE: The retention of encoded information over time.
RETRIEVAL: The process of getting information out of memory storage.
SENSORY MEMORY: The immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system:
SHORT-TERM MEMORY: Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before …show more content…
(Also called procedural memory.)
EXPLICIT MEMORY: Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare.” (Also called declarative memory.)
HIPPOCAMPUS: A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage.
RECALL: A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, like on a fill-in-the-blank test.
RECOGNITION: A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, like on a multiple-choice test.
RELEARNING: A memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time.
PRIMING: The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.
DÉJÀ VU: Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
MOOD-CONGRUENT MEMORY: The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood.
PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE: The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. (Past learning affects new …show more content…
FUNCTIONAL FIXEDNESS: The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. Example: The candle holder made out of a match box.
FRAMING: The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.
LANGUAGE: Our spoken, written, or gestured words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
PHONENE: In a spoken language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.
MORPHEME: In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word (such as a prefix).
GRAMMAR: A system of rules in a language that enables us to communicate with and understand others.
SEMANTICS: The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning.
SYNTAX: The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language.
BABBLING STAGE: Beginning at 3 to 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household