Memory
Outline of Memory
MEMORY The ability to retain information over time
–Active system that receives, stores, organizes, alters, and recovers (retrieves)
MEMORY The ability to retain information over time
–Active system that receives, stores, organizes, alters, and recovers (retrieves)
THREE STAGES/TYPES OF MEMORY
•SENSORY
•SHORT TERM (WORKING)
•LONG TERM
THREE PROCESSES
•ENCODING
•STORING
•RETRIEVING
Stages of Memory
•SENSORY (IN RAW FORM)
–The first stage of memory
–Stores an exact copy of incoming information
•ICONIC memories
–Fleeting visual or mental images
–Lasts about ½ second
•ECHONIC memories
–Brief continuation of the sound in the auditory system
–Lasts about 2 seconds
Sensory
•What’s the purpose?
•Prevents overload
•Decision type to determine value
•Stability playback and recognition
•If attention is paid goes to Short Term
Stages of Memory
•Short-Term Memory (STM)
–(also known as Working Memory)
–Limited duration 2 to 30 seconds
Unless use Techniques:
What do you do?
Short-Term Memory
•Rehearsal
–Maintenance Rehearsal
•Repeating information silently to prolong its presence in STM
•a.k.a. rote learning; not effective for long-term learning
–Elaborative Rehearsal
•Links new information with existing memories and knowledge in LTM
•Good way to transfer STM information into LTM
•Chunking
–Process of grouping bits of information into larger units
–Based on meaningfulness of the bits
–Short-Term Memory capacity is then 7 ±2 chunks
–(demonstration 1)
Stages of Memory
•Long-Term Memory (LTM)
–Storing information relatively permanently
–Stored on basis of meaning and importance
–Considered limitless
–The more you know, the easier it is to add new information
–Demo.(2)
Long-Term Memory
•Permanence
–Some studies suggest memories are permanent
•Wilder Penfield stimulated brain areas with an electrode during brain surgery
•Patients reported vivid memories of long-forgotten events when stimulated
•Permanence
–Some studies suggest memories are only relatively
MEMORY The ability to retain information over time
–Active system that receives, stores, organizes, alters, and recovers (retrieves)
MEMORY The ability to retain information over time
–Active system that receives, stores, organizes, alters, and recovers (retrieves)
THREE STAGES/TYPES OF MEMORY
•SENSORY
•SHORT TERM (WORKING)
•LONG TERM
THREE PROCESSES
•ENCODING
•STORING
•RETRIEVING
Stages of Memory
•SENSORY (IN RAW FORM)
–The first stage of memory
–Stores an exact copy of incoming information
•ICONIC memories
–Fleeting visual or mental images
–Lasts about ½ second
•ECHONIC memories
–Brief continuation of the sound in the auditory system
–Lasts about 2 seconds
Sensory
•What’s the purpose?
•Prevents overload
•Decision type to determine value
•Stability playback and recognition
•If attention is paid goes to Short Term
Stages of Memory
•Short-Term Memory (STM)
–(also known as Working Memory)
–Limited duration 2 to 30 seconds
Unless use Techniques:
What do you do?
Short-Term Memory
•Rehearsal
–Maintenance Rehearsal
•Repeating information silently to prolong its presence in STM
•a.k.a. rote learning; not effective for long-term learning
–Elaborative Rehearsal
•Links new information with existing memories and knowledge in LTM
•Good way to transfer STM information into LTM
•Chunking
–Process of grouping bits of information into larger units
–Based on meaningfulness of the bits
–Short-Term Memory capacity is then 7 ±2 chunks
–(demonstration 1)
Stages of Memory
•Long-Term Memory (LTM)
–Storing information relatively permanently
–Stored on basis of meaning and importance
–Considered limitless
–The more you know, the easier it is to add new information
–Demo.(2)
Long-Term Memory
•Permanence
–Some studies suggest memories are permanent
•Wilder Penfield stimulated brain areas with an electrode during brain surgery
•Patients reported vivid memories of long-forgotten events when stimulated
•Permanence
–Some studies suggest memories are only relatively