Psychology Chapter 7 and 8 Vocab

Chapter 7 * Encoding-entering/getting information into your memory; forming a memory code * Storage- saving information into your memory over time * Retrieval- being able to recall information from memory * Tip- of-the-tongue phenomenon- when you know certain information but have difficulty being able to recall it. * Attention- focusing your awareness to certain thing * Structural encoding- emphasizes the physical structures of a stimulus * Phonemic encoding- emphasizes on how a word sounds * Sematic encoding- emphasizes the meaning of verbal input * Levels of processing theory- proposes that deeper levels of processing results in us remembering information for a longer period of time * Elaboration- linking stimuli to other information and aspects while It is being encoded (processed) in our memory; enhances semantic encoding * Imagery- remembering things by creating visual images * Dual-coding theory- memory is enhanced when you use both semantic and visual codes in order to recall information * Sensory memory- holds information in its original sensory form for only a few seconds, once the sensation is over, the information is lost; preserves an image only long enough for you to perceive it * Short term memory- limit capacity part of our memory that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to 20 seconds * Rehearsal- repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information in order to store it longer in our short term memory; recycling information through your short term memory * Chunk- similar information stored together as one unit * Working memory- system for temporarily storing and manipulating information; phonological loop, central executive, visuospatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer. * Working memory capacity- the ability to hold and manipulate information in conscious attention * Long term memory- unlimited capacity store that can hold information for a long period of