Total Recorder Case
Total Recorder operates by capturing streaming audio from numerous programs such as Windows Media Player. So, in terms of ITUNES you could use this to convert an apple Itune to mp3 format which can then be played on any device, authorized or not. The legal issue is whether this violates the anti-circumvention provisions of the DMCA. The simple answer: It depends. After an overview of the appropriate statues and case law, it appears that the answer hinges upon what a person does with the converted files. Total Recorder does not appear to violate the DMCA so long as it is used for personal recordings. However, any redistribution of the recordings made using the Total Recorder program would invoke the anti-circumvention provisions of the DMCA
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and constitute a violation of copyright law.
--NO court has specifically ruled on the legality of using programs such as Total Recorder to bypass the DRM technology employed by Apple's Itunes.
To determine whether we were complying with copyright law, we considered several legal doctrines as defined by statute and case law:
DMCA (Digital Millenium Copyright Act of 1998): This Act makes it
Unlawful to circumvent DRM technologies of copyrighted material.
Apple's DRM only allows a consumer to play songs purchased from the ITUNES store on authorized computers. The format of the itunes prevents users from playing the songs using media players or mp3 players that do not read Apple's code. THE DMCA says that Apple can do this and you cannot circumvent it.
HOWEVER, the DMCA does not explicitly prevent circumvention by individual users for Fair Use Purposes.
In our case, we employed TOTAL RECORDER to convert Apple's Itunes to a format that would allow use to listen to the songs on our own personal media players. Had we then distributed these converted song files to friends, family, or anyone else, we would no longer be protected by FAIR USE and we would be subject to the penalties established by the DMCA.
FAIR USE saves the day:
As mentioned above, if you legally purchase digital media like we did here, the doctrine of FAIR USE allows you to convert that media to another format SO LONG AS YOU DON'T SHARE IT WITH OTHER
PEOPLE.
The 1st LANDMARK CASE in this area was Sony Corporation of America v. Universal City Studio's, Inc. where the SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES held that a consumer's use of a VCR to record a television broadcast satisfied the doctrine of fair use because it amounted to no more than "time shifting" the content to a period more convenient to the consumer. The Court saw no harm to television Studio. Why would it matter when consumers viewed a particular program.
The decision from the SONY CASE I JUST DISCUSSED was broadened by The 9th CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS in the case: RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) v. DIAMOND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS, Inc. Here, the Court ruled that the transfer of music files to MP3 players qualifies as fair use because it simply amounted to mere "space-shifiting." The Court reasoned that the consumer merely moved legally obtained music files from one place to another. Like in the SONY CASE, the Court found no harm to the studio.
In this assignment, we were able to "space-shift" the songs we legally purchased from the Itunes store to a format that would allow us to listen to the songs on many different media players. As such, we feel like we fall within the Fair use privilege carved out by the Court in RIAA v. DIAMOND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS, Inc.
and constitute a violation of copyright law.
--NO court has specifically ruled on the legality of using programs such as Total Recorder to bypass the DRM technology employed by Apple's Itunes.
To determine whether we were complying with copyright law, we considered several legal doctrines as defined by statute and case law:
DMCA (Digital Millenium Copyright Act of 1998): This Act makes it
Unlawful to circumvent DRM technologies of copyrighted material.
Apple's DRM only allows a consumer to play songs purchased from the ITUNES store on authorized computers. The format of the itunes prevents users from playing the songs using media players or mp3 players that do not read Apple's code. THE DMCA says that Apple can do this and you cannot circumvent it.
HOWEVER, the DMCA does not explicitly prevent circumvention by individual users for Fair Use Purposes.
In our case, we employed TOTAL RECORDER to convert Apple's Itunes to a format that would allow use to listen to the songs on our own personal media players. Had we then distributed these converted song files to friends, family, or anyone else, we would no longer be protected by FAIR USE and we would be subject to the penalties established by the DMCA.
FAIR USE saves the day:
As mentioned above, if you legally purchase digital media like we did here, the doctrine of FAIR USE allows you to convert that media to another format SO LONG AS YOU DON'T SHARE IT WITH OTHER
PEOPLE.
The 1st LANDMARK CASE in this area was Sony Corporation of America v. Universal City Studio's, Inc. where the SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES held that a consumer's use of a VCR to record a television broadcast satisfied the doctrine of fair use because it amounted to no more than "time shifting" the content to a period more convenient to the consumer. The Court saw no harm to television Studio. Why would it matter when consumers viewed a particular program.
The decision from the SONY CASE I JUST DISCUSSED was broadened by The 9th CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS in the case: RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) v. DIAMOND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS, Inc. Here, the Court ruled that the transfer of music files to MP3 players qualifies as fair use because it simply amounted to mere "space-shifiting." The Court reasoned that the consumer merely moved legally obtained music files from one place to another. Like in the SONY CASE, the Court found no harm to the studio.
In this assignment, we were able to "space-shift" the songs we legally purchased from the Itunes store to a format that would allow us to listen to the songs on many different media players. As such, we feel like we fall within the Fair use privilege carved out by the Court in RIAA v. DIAMOND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS, Inc.