Lux qualities would have made a light-emitting response on the microbes while the ampicillin
Lux qualities would have made a light-emitting response on the microbes while the ampicillin
Purpose or Objectives: Observe several changes in matter and write questions concerning the properties of the samples.…
Learning Goals: Insert your uncut unknown plasmid into chemically competent DH-5 E.coli cells and use antibiotic resistance to confirm the success of the transformation. You should familiarize yourself with the various methods of transformation and the advantages/disadvantages of each type. You should also understand how heat shock transformation works and how chemically competent cells make this type of transformation possible. For this transformation antibiotic markers associated with foreign pieces of DNA will be used to help verify that the DNA of interest was successfully inserted into the vector.…
7) In gene cloning, the bacterial cells take up the recombinant plasmid DNA through a process called transformation. Bacterial cells can be transformed using electric pulsation or heat. The short electric pulse or a brief rise in temperature causes openings in the plasma membrane. The bacterial cells make copies of the recombinant plasmid DNA during cell…
A. Create a solubility curve for NH4Cl by plotting g NH4Cl/100 mL H20 on the y-axis, and crystallization temperature on the x-axis. Make sure to label each axis. On the same graph as the solubility curve for NH4Cl, add the solubility curve for NaCl using the data provided in Data Table 3.…
Plasmids are small circular autonomously replicating pieces of DNA that can be found inside of a prokaryotic bacterial cell. By barrowing a cell’s polymerase they replicate their own DNA. They are easy to extract from the bacterial cells due to their size. Plasmids are helpful for cloning foreign genes because of their ability to express antibiotic resistance as well their ability to be modified to express proteins of interest. A pGLO plasmid contains genes for the green florescent protein (GFP) as well as the gene for ampicillin resistance known as beta-lactamase. It also contains a gene regulation system (operon) that has the ability to control expression of the GFP gene in transformed cells known as araC. The source of GFP is naturally founds within a…
Transformation is the transfers of virulence from one cell to another, through the transferring of genetic material. It was originally postulated in 1928 through the works of Federick Griffith, a British microbiologist. Griffith observed that the mutant form, non-virulent form, of the bacteria Streptococcus Pnumoniae could be transformed into the normal, virulent form, when injected into mice along with heat killed normal forms. He concluded that somehow the information the dead virulent form had transformed the mutant form into a virulent form.…
In your own words, summarize what you have learned about Configuring Static and Default Routes.…
If the pGLO plasmid is inserted into competent Escherichia coli cells, then the transformed bacteria will be resistant to ampicillin and will glow green under UV light. If samples of DNA are cut using certain restriction enxymes and separated using gel electrophoresis, then the smaller the DNA fragment cut, the greater the distance it will travel in the gel.…
4. E.coli DH5α competent cells were prepared for us so that transformation of the recombinant plasmids and the competent cells through heat shock transformation.…
In the first part of this lab, E.coli cells were transformed with an R-plasmid carrying a tetracycline resistant gene, giving rise to tetracycline resistant E.coli strain. This was accomplished through transformation, which allowed E.coli to directly uptake the naked DNA molecule carrying the antibiotic resistant gene (1). However, in order to take up the DNA and incorporate them into their genome via recombination, cells must be competent (1). Therefore, E.coli cells which are not competent under normal conditions were treated with cold and high concentration of CaCl2, in order to make them artificially competent (1). The transformants were grown on the LB with the tetracycline antibiotic, and on the LB without the tetracycline. Then the viable competent cells and the viable cells were counted to calculate the frequency of transformation.…
Transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell, resulting from the intake of exogenous genetic material through the surrounding cell membrane. The purpose of this lab was to determine transformation of bacteria by testing the effect of P Vib plasmid of E. coli MM294, and how the color of the E. coli bacteria changes. In this lab, two small test tubes were given calcium chloride, E. coli MM294, and one of the tubes also received the plasmid P Vib. The test tubes were then placed in ice, heat shocked, and then a small amount of the contents were extracted and placed into two petri dishes containing ampicillin (hinders growth of bacteria). After a couple of days, the petri dish without P Vib displayed no signs of colonization in the E. coli…
Two experiments were done to identify an unknown plasmid. The success of these experiments came from the use of modern day technology involving gel electrophoresis. First, bacterial transformation to E. Coli DH5 was performed on our unknown plasmid along with two known plasmids, pAMP and pKAN, and a negative control TE, a buffer without DNA. By performing confluency streaking of bacteria in plates containing antibiotics, we were able to examine the recombinant DNA of the bacteria. After incubation of the plates, we analyzed the samples and found that our unknown plasmid reacted positively on the LB/AMP plate. There were a total growth of three colonies on the LB/AMP plate and a negative result on the LB/KAN plate. With this data along with the positive reaction of pAMP on the LB/AMP plate, we came to the conclusion that our unknown plasmid was pAMP. In our next experiment, we analyzed the DNA via gel electrophoresis. First, we had to treat our unknown plasmid. Three treatments were performed: Uncut (U), single cut (S) with HindIII, and double cut (D) with HindIII and Bam H1. The gel was then stained with Ethidium Bromide, often used in chromatography, in order for us to view the gel under UV light. A photograph of the result was then printed out. This allowed us to determine the migration of each sample along with the number of base pairs in each fragment. Standard fragments of DNA were used to determine the size of our unknown plasmid, which at this point was pAMP. With the use of both pKAN and pAMP plasmid maps, we were able to solidify our conclusion that the unknown plasmid was pAMP.…
In this experiment, a restriction map for restriction enzymes Eco R1, Pst1 and Hind III using Southern hybridization and restriction analysis of pRSG 192. pRSG 192 is a recombinant plasmid derived from the chb gene and pUC 19, a 2.7kb engineered plasmid which encodes for ampicillin resistance, a portion of the lac operon and a multiple cloning region . The chb gene exists as a 3.6 kb insert in the mutiple cloning region of pUC 19.…
Escherichia coli is a bacterium that can affect our health or even kill. Like most bacteria, E. coli is able to change and progress into different forms based on genetic changes that they can go through. One example of this genetic change is shown in the E. coli becoming immune to ampicillin is blood infections. Because ampicillin has been used so frequently to fight the symptoms of an E. coli infection, the bacteria has been able to change itself genetically by producing more of an inhibitor resistant TEM in order to continue it’s genetic line and reproduce causing infections in humans (Walters-Toews, et al. 2011). Another example from the science field would be an experiment that suggests that E. coli is not only becoming resistant to ampicillin, but also other antibiotics including Cotrimoxazole and Cefuroxime (Renal & Urology News, 2007). This experiment is meant to prove that through genetic transfer using plasmid DNA, the E. coli can become bioluminescent and immune to the ampicillin. By adding plasmid DNA to the E. coli cells, the genetic composition of the cells will be different. I predict that the E. coli cells containing no ampicillin will be able to grow colonies. I also predict that the plates with plasmid DNA will show signs of bioluminescence. The plate with ampicillin present with no plasmid DNA will not be able to grow colonies and will not be capable of bioluminescence.…
6. Elander, R. P. 1967. Enhanced penicillin biosynthesis in mutantand recombinant strains of Penicillium chrysogenum, pp. 403-423. In H. Stübbe (Ed). Induced mutations and their utilization.Academie-Verlag, Berlin.…