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Type 2 Diabetes In The Human Body

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Type 2 Diabetes In The Human Body
Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin (needed by the body to convert glucose energy) leading to high blood glucose levels (Fusco, Gonzales, & Yeung, 2015). There are two types of diabetes, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes (Westerberg, 2013). Type 1 diabetes is caused by the bodies inability to produce insulin as opposed to type 2 diabetes which is caused by inadequate insulin production or absorption (Fusco et al., 2015). Type 1 diabetics require insulin replacement injections and type 2 diabetes can be managed through diet and exercise (Fusco et al., 2015). Where diet and exercise do not work, type 2 diabetics may need oral medication that enhance insulin absorption or release …show more content…
According to Westerberg (2013), a majority of DKA patients are type 1 diabetics with approximately 30% being type 2 diabetics. Factors leading to the development of DKA include: “new-onset diabetes, insulin noncompliance, or increased insulin need because of infection” (Westerberg, 2013, p. 337). The human body is unable to process glucose as an energy source because of decreased insulin availability, causing blood glucose levels to rise (Westerberg, 2013). The body requires energy to function, because glucose in unavailable, an alternate source is needed (Westerberg, 2013). Therefore, adipose tissue is broken down by lipase forming free fatty acids (Westerberg, 2013). The free fatty acids are converted into acetyl coenzyme A, some are used in the Krebs cycle to produce energy and the rest are “broken down into ketone (acetone, acetoacetate, and B-hydroxybutyrate)” (Westerberg, 2013, p. …show more content…
“Serum glucose level greater than 250mg/dL, elevated serum ketone level, pH <7.3, and sodium bicarbonate level less than 18mEq/L” (Westerberg, 2013, p. 338) are used to diagnose DKA. Presenting symptoms include, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, and fatigue (Westerberg, 2013).
Treatment

Conclusion Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Most individuals diagnosed with DKA are type 1 diabetics. DKA can progress rapidly; recognition of early signs and symptoms of high blood glucose levels is important for prevention. Once DKA has developed, urgent medical attention is needed to prevent complications such as severe dehydration, starvation and possible death.

References
Fusco, N., Gonzales, J., & Siu Yan Amy, Y. (2015). Evaluation of the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in the medical intensive care unit. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 72S177-S182.
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