Types of Intelligences

Gardner 1993 believed that there are seven different kinds of intelligences that are independent of one another. They are: Linguistic intelligence: the ability to use language effectively.This intelligence includes making convincing and persuasive arguments; writing poems and using appropriate vocabulary, observing subtle differences in meaning of words while communicating with others.
_ MUSIICAL IINTELLIIGENCE:: This is the ability for creating understating and appreciating music. This includes ability to play musical instruments, composing and appreciating music. _ LOGIICAL--MATHEMATIICAL IINTELLIIGENCE:: This is the ability to reason logically, especially in mathematics and science. This includes: ability to solve mathematical problems; generating mathematical proofs; formulating and testing hypotheses about observed phenomena. _ SPATIIAL IINTELLIIGENCE:: This is the ability to notice details of what one sees and to imagine and manipulate' visual objects in one's mind. This includes: building up mental images in one's mind; drawing a visual likeness of an object, making fine discrimination among similar objects,
_ BODIILY--KIINESTHETIIC IINTELLIIGENCE:: This is the ability to use one's body skilfully; it includes: dancing, playing a game; performing pantomime.
_ IINTRAPERSONAL IINTELLIIGENCE:: (Knowledge of one's own feelings motive and desires). It includes: distinguishing emotions like sadness and regret; identifying the motive guiding one's own behaviour; using self- knowledge to relate more effectively with others.
_ IINTERPERSONAL IINTELLIIGENCE:: (The ability to notice subtle aspects of other people's behaviour). It includes reading other people's mood; detecting others underlying intentions and desires; using knowledge of others to influence their thoughts and behaviour. Gardner first identified and introduced seven different kinds of intelligence. He then identified an eighth intelligence, the naturalist intelligence that refers to the ability to recognize and classify plants, minerals and animals, including rocks and grass and all - varieties of flora and fauna.
Like Sternberg's triarchic theory, Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence also suggests that we may find different forms of intelligence in different students, (For example one student may be strong in math while another may be in language still some other may be good in music in comparison with his classmates. Gardner, like Sternberg feels that intelligence is reflected differently in different cultures.
Sternberg and Gardner give us reason to believe that if intelligence is multifaceted, then we are likely to see intelligent behaviour in many of our students -perhaps all of them, in one way or another. One may be good in mathematics; another may be exceptionally a creative writer; a third may be skilful in interpersonal relationship and a fourth may have talent in art or music.

Intelligence is viewed as mental capacity that helps dealing with events in the enviorment and challenges as well as problems of life in diffreant situation. Thee is disaggrement among Gardeners and GULIFORD .about nature of intelligence. Guliford considered that there are many factors of intelligence which are divided into three basic dimensions 1.the process or operation performed2.the kind of product involved 3.the kind of material or content involved.he further classifies the dimensions into five operations i.e. evaluation ,convergent thinking, divergent thinking, memory and cognition . six types of product and four types of content shape the model of intellect.while gardener believed that there are seven different kinds intelligence wich are independent of one anther

Theories of intelligence are grouped in two categories.

Factoe theories and cognitive theory. Gulifords theory falls into factor theory which exihibit wide variation in terms of number of factors int consider important while the gardener theory falls into cognitive theory.which attempt to describe intelligence in terms of fundamental cognitive process.